Background: This experiment is conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Piper chaba roots. Methods: The in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Piper chaba was carried out by human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization method which includes heat-induced hemolysis and hypo tonicity-induced hemolysis and also by another method of egg albumin denaturation assay. Results: Anti-inflammatory activity study of crude ethanolic extract was performed using heat induced membrane stabilization method, hypo-tonicity induced HRBC membrane stabilization method and egg albumin denaturation method. Crude ethanolic extracts of P. chaba showed promising in vitro anti-inflammatory activity in a concentration dependent manner. Using acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) as standard drug and was compared with ethanolic extract to determine anti-inflammatory activity. Heat induced anti-inflammatory test revealed that crude ethanolic extract of P. chaba (500 μg/ml) and positive control ASA(500 μg/ml) have 52.667% and 78% respectively, hypo tonicity induced antiinflammatory test showed 35.67% and 59% inhibition of red blood cell (RBC) hemolysis. Egg albumin denaturation method also evaluated that crude ethanolic extract (1000 μg/ml) and ASA (1000 μg/ml) showed 60% and 97.12% inhibition of egg albumin denaturation. Conclusion: The plant of P. chaba of the genus Piper possesses promising anti-inflammatory activities.
Paracetamol induces oxidative damage of liver and hepatotoxicity continues to be among the main threats of public health. The present study evaluated the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of P. chaba roots. Hepatoprotective effects were demonstrated by significant alteration of serum biomarker enzymes and antioxidant enzymes. Co-administration of P. chaba extract to paracetamol-induced rats resulted in a partial recovery in the serum biochemical parameters (SGOT, SGPT, ALP and Bilirubin). However, ethanolic extract of Piper chaba at lower dose (200 mg/kg b.w.) was more effective than the higher dose 400 mg/kg b.w. in reducing serum dysfunction biomarker enzymes. The histopathological studies of liver tissues also showed better hepatoprotective activity of Piper chaba roots at the lower dose (200 mg/kg b.w.). Paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats resulted in increase of antioxidant enzyme activities such as catalase, super oxide dismutase. The scavenging activity of P. chaba extract was moderate when compared with standard catechin and the IC 50 values of P. chaba and standard catechin were 1.563 ± 0.70 and 3.125 ± 0.676, respectively in DPPH radical scavenging assay. The total antioxidant potential of P. chaba was concentration dependent and revealed promising antioxidant activity as compared to the reference standard catechin. At a concentration of 100 µg/mL the absorbance of P. chaba extract and catechin were 0.430 and 0.746 respectively. The research result indicated that P. chaba extract has protective effects on paracetamol induced oxidative stress and liver damage.
Litsea glutinosa (L. glutinosa) is considered an evidence-based medicinal plant for the treatment of cancer, the leading cause of death worldwide. In our study, the in vitro antioxidant and in vivo anticancer properties of an essential ethno-medicinal plant, L. glutinosa, were examined using non-toxic doses and a phytochemical analysis was executed using gas-chromatography–mass-spectrometry. The in vitro antioxidant study of the L. glutinosa methanolic extract (LGBME) revealed a concentration-dependent antioxidant property. The bark extract showed promising antioxidant effects in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The strongest antioxidant activity was demonstrated at the maximum concentration (50 µg/mL). The IC50 values of the LGBME and BHT were 5.51 and 5.01 µg/mL, respectively. At the same concentration, the total antioxidant capacity of the LGBME was 0.161 µg/mL and the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay result of the LGBME was 1.783 µg/mL. In the cytotoxicity study, the LD50 of the LGBME and gallic acid were 24.93 µg/mL and 7.23 µg/mL, respectively. In the in vivo anticancer-activity studies, the LGBME, particularly at a dose of 150 mg/kg/bw, showed significant cell-growth inhibition, decreased tumor weight, increased mean survival rate, and upregulated the reduced hematological parameters in EAC (Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma)-induced Swiss albino mice. The highest cell-growth inhibition, 85.76%, was observed with the dose of 150 mg/kg/bw. Furthermore, the upregulation of pro-apoptotic genes (p53, Bax) and the downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 were observed. In conclusion, LGBME extract has several bioactive phytoconstituents, which confirms the antioxidant and anticancer properties of L. glutinosa.
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