Background and Aim: Pregnancy associated skin diseases or changes can be physiological (hormonal), skin pre-existing disease, and development of dermatoses with new pregnancy. The specific skin dermatoses related to pregnancy involve eruption of pruritic skin in poorly defined heterogeneous group. The present study aimed to evaluate the specific dermatoses and skin disease affected by pregnancy. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 226 pregnant women in the Department of Dermatology and Obstetrics and Gynecology of Dow University Hospital, Karachi from June 2021 to November 2021. All the patients were investigated for pregnancy associated cutaneous changes. The presence of any concomitant dermatoses that developed during pregnancy was investigated. Detailed clinical examination was performed on pregnant women with specific dermatoses of pregnancy regarding pattern, distribution, and morphology of lesions. All the pregnant women undergone through routinely blood investigation. Results: Of the total 226 pregnant women, the incidence of specific dermatosis during pregnancy was 27 (11.95%). Prurigo of pregnancy (5.8%) was the prevalent specific dermatosis of pregnancy. The incidence of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPP), and pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy (PFP) was 0.41%, 3.9%, and 0.17% respectively. All these skin diseases were caused by pregnancy in 11.95% of females. Conclusion: The present study found that Prurigo of pregnancy was the prevalent dermatosis of pregnancy that occurred in the multigravida second trimester. The rare dermatosis with no primary lesion was intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. The course of pregnancy-associated disease changes, in turn, causes exacerbation like psoriasis, vitiligo, and dermatosis. Keywords: Specific Dermatoses, Skin disease, Pregnancy
Aim: To examine the clinical characteristics of patients with acute appendicitis Study design: A cross-sectional study Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro / Hyderabad from March 2021 to March 2022. Methodology: Presentstudy included 118 patients who went through emergency appendectomy for acute appendicitis. The study evaluated the patient's clinical profile who presented with acute appendicitis. A detailed history was taken, a clinical examination was performed, and tests such as a complete blood test and ultrasonography were performed. Patients of either gender, above 10 years of age, and with clinical diagnoses of acute appendicitis were incorporated in the study. Patients having an appendicular mass or right ureteric/renal colic were excluded from the study. Results: In the current study themean age of patients was 27.56 ± 9.8 years. Out of 118 patients, 71 (60.1%) were males, and 47 (39.83%) were females. We observed thepredominance of malesin the current study. Majority of the patients presented with complaints of right iliac fossa pain (98.3%) and migration of pain (67.8%). Nausea and anorexia were present in 86.4% of cases, and vomiting was present in 84.7% of cases.Tenderness was observed in right iliac fossa in all patients while Dunphy sign (59.3%), guarding (63.5%), rebound tenderness (69.4%), rigidity (5.9%), Psoas sign (45.7%), Rovsing sign (35.5%)and Obturator sign (21.1%). Conclusion: Males are more likely to have acute appendicitis than females between 10 and 30 years of age. The most common signs and symptoms were discomforts, anorexia, nausea/vomiting, and abdominal pain. Tenderness, guarding, and rebound tenderness were the most prevalent symptoms.
Colorectal cancer is the third most common carcinoma worldwide and is second leading cause of death in the developed world. Early detection of tumor staging may lead to opting proper management plan and increase chances of survival. Objective: To determine diagnostic accuracy of MRI in evaluating preoperative tumor staging of colorectal carcinoma. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at, Liaquat University Hospital - Hyderabad/Jamshoro from Jan 2022 to July 2022 on a sample of 204 patients of either gender with aged between 20 to 80 years and presenting with suspected colorectal cancer, diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms and physical examination. Patients were enquired about age, gender, duration of symptoms, history of per-rectal bleeding and pain. Preoperative MRI scan along with the Postoperative histopathological assessment of colorectal carcinoma staging of all patients was done. Results: Out of 204 patients, 60% of sample i.e. 123 patients were male and 81 (40%) were females with a median age of 68 (29-92) years. Most of the patients had well differentiated colorectal cancers i.e. 175 (85.8%) with 2/3rd sample had more than 5 cm height of primary tumor from the anal verge. T3 tumor stage was found to be highest in number (50.5%), followed by T2 (30.9%) and T4 (11.3%). The diagnostic parameters of preoperative MRI in detecting tumor staging was found to be good when correspondent to postoperative histological findings. Conclusion: The study showed that the accuracy of MRI in staging colorectal cancer is significantly high when compared with postoperative histopathological staging.
Background: Pre-eclampsia is a syndrome of immune system of pregnant females, which causes severe obstetrical complications. Low serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D is common during pregnancy complicated with preeclampsia but local evidence is missing. Aim: To determine the association of pre-eclampsia with decreased vitamin- D levels during two phases of gestation (after 20 weeks) over a period of six months. Study design: Cohort study Place and duration of study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lady Willingdon Hospital, Lahore from 4th February 2019 to 3rd August 2019. Methodology: One hundred and seventy females were enrolled in study at 20 weeks gestational age. They were divided into two groups (85 patients in each group). Those with normal Vitamin D3 levels (>30 ng/ml) were grouped as Low risk group and those with relatively low (insufficient) serum vitamin D3 levels (between 21-29 ng/ml) were grouped as high-risk group with potential risk factor for pre-eclampsia. Both groups were followed from 24+1 weeks to 36 weeks of gestation with every two weeks’ interval, for assessment of development of pre-eclampsia or not. Both groups were followed up and outcome was noted. Results: The mean age of the patients was 26.44±4.08 years and mean gestational age was 35.47±2.34 weeks. One hundred and 42(83.53%) patients appeared with PIH while 28(16.47%) patients appeared with preeclampsia. Among high risk patients, preeclampsia was noted in 26(30.6%) patients while in low risk group patients, preeclampsia was noted in 2(2.4%) patients (p<0.001). Conclusion: A significant association observed between pre-eclampsia and decreased vitamin D level during phases of pregnancy. Keywords: Vitamin D level, Preeclampsia, Hypertension
Background and Aim: The adolescent is the time period between puberty and psychophysical maturity where endocrinological, metabolic and somatic changes occur, the most frequent menstrual disorders during adolescent are; polymenorrhe, oligomenorrhea, dysmenorrhea. The present study aimed to assess the menstrual pattern and common menstrual disorders among adolescent girls. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 75 adolescent girls in the Department of Gynecology, Sindh Government hospital Landhi from August-2021 to January 2022. All the adolescent girls with minimum and maximum menarche age of 9 years and 16 years respectively were enrolled in this study. Girls with chronic disease and hormonal use were excluded. Only already menstruating girls were asked to participate. Informed consent was taken from each participant. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to gather information such as socioeconomic status, demographic details, contraceptive pills usage, smoking habits, and anthropometrics. The girl’s menstrual pattern was associated with menarche age, average bleeding days, weight, recent menstrual intervals, and complications such as amenorrhea, secondary amenorrhea, menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, and premenstrual syndrome. SPSS version 25 was used for data analysis. Results: Mean age at menarche was 11.82±2.10 years with a range from 9 to 16 years. The menstrual cycles mean length was 31.6±5.8 days. The incidence of irregular menstruation, prolonged menstrual bleeding, and dysmenorrhea were 69.3% (n=52), 8% (n=6), and 22.6% (n=17) respectively. Of the total 52 irregular menstrual cycles, the prevalence of amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, and polymenorrhea was 5.3% (n=4), 42.7% (n=32), and 21.3% (n=16) respectively. There were no significant associations found between menstrual irregularities and other factors such as age at menarche, BMI, physical activity, age, fat intake, and nutritional status. Out of 6 prolong menstrual bleeding; the incidence of medical disease, anemia, and ovarian cysts was three, two, and one case respectively. Conclusion: Our study found that irregular menstrual cycle and dysmenorrhea has higher prevalence among adolescent girls. Oligomenorrhea was the prevalent irregular menstrual problem. Irregular menstruation has no significant association with age, BMI, age at menarche, nutritional status, and physical activities. Prolong bleeding cycle was due to medical disease, anemia, and ovary cyst. Educational program and proper health information promotion should be arranged to minimize the possible consequences and complications caused by menstruation of adolescent’s girls. Also, adolescent girls should record their menstrual frequency and regular prospective after menarche to minimize these sequelae. Keywords: Menstrual Pattern, Adolescent girls, Dysmenorrhea,
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