Background/Aims: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) are the antihypertensives of choice in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). ACEI by decreasing the synthesis of aldosterone, the main regulator of serum potassium, predispose to the development of hyperkalemia. Although hyperkalemia with administration of ACEI is uncommon in patients with a normal renal function, a preexisting abnormality in potassium hemostasis, as seen in patients with chronic renal failure, may increase the risk of hyperkalemia. Method: To determine the predictors of development of hyperkalemia (K >5.1 mEq/l) in patients on ACEI, we retrospectively reviewed medical records of 119 patients followed in our renal clinic. Results: The mean age of the patients was 56 ± (SD) 13 (range 20–84) years. Sixty-three percent were males, and 37% were females. Sixty-seven percent had a history of diabetes. Eighty five percent of the patients had CRF [creatinine clearance (CrCl) <80 ml/min]. The baseline serum Cr was 2.3 ± 1.2 (range 0.6–6.9) mg/dl, and the CrCl was 50 ± 27.5 ml/min. Of the 119 patients 46 (38.6%) developed hyperkalemia (mean K 5.68 ± 0.3, range 5.2–6.7 mEq/l). Ninety-six percent of the patients who developed hyperkalemia had CRF, and 84% were diabetics. Pearson product-moment correlation revealed a significant positive correlation of hyperkalemia with Cr and a negative correlation of hyperkalemia with CrCl and HCO3 (Cr: r = 0.42, p < 0.0001; CrCl: r = –0.34, p < 0.0001; HCO3: r = –0.41, p < 0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed diabetes and serum creatinine to be the main predictors of hyperkalemia. In 31 patients hyperkalemia resolved either with a low-potassium (2 g/day) diet or with diet and a decrease in the dose of ACEI. In 15 patients ACEI had to be discontinued due to persistent hyperkalemia. Conclusions: We conclude that hyperkalemia is common in patients with CRF on ACEI. The majority of the patients who develop hyperkalemia on ACEI have CRF and diabetes. A large number of patients with CRF require discontinuation of ACEI due to hyperkalemia and are deprived of their renoprotective effects.
Objectives:To study the prevalence of HBsAg, Anti-HCV, HIV, Syphilis and Malaria in blood donors.Methods:This is a cross sectional descriptive study, conducted at Blood bank and Transfusion center at Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences (LUMHS) Hyderabad, during the period from January, 2014 to June, 2015. A total of 4683 blood donors were screened for HBsAg, Anti-HCV and HIV on Architect 20001 (manufactured by Abbott), employing chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). For Syphilis, VDRL ICT kits were used and Malaria parasite was screen through MP slides. Blood grouping was performed by both forward and reverse methods.Results:This study showed a high frequency of HBsAg, VDRL and malaria positivity among the O-ve blood group donors, i.e. 3.70%, 9.25% and 0.61% respectively. Blood group B-ve individuals were commonly infected with HCV (12.5%) as compared with all other blood group donors. HIV is more commonly reported in A+ve blood group individuals. Blood group O+ve is more prevalent (37.41 %).Conclusion:High frequency of HCV infection in blood donors advocates implementation of strict screening policy for donors and public awareness campaigns about preventive measures to reduce the spread of this infection as well as other transfusion transmissible infections.
One of the leading cause of deaths in women is breast cancer. The incidence and prevalence of cancer is increasing day by day. The aim of this research was to analyse the relationship between HRS (hormonal receptor status) and age in females suffering from breast cancer. It was a cross-sectional study conducted at surgical department, LUMHS, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. The 200 females diagnosed with breast cancer were included in research. The mean age of the study sample was observed to be 48.68 ± 9.54 years. Out of 200 females, 79 (39.5%) females had positive expression of “ER (estrogen receptor)” while 80, (40%) had positive “PR (progesterone receptor)” expression and 41(20.5%) females were associated with “positive expression of HER2/neu (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)”. The age group of 41-50 years showed (30.4%) highest ratio of positive ER followed by (24%) PR and (17.5%) “HER/2 neu expression” respectively. A statistically significant correlation was found between ER expression and age and (p=0.013), PR expression and age and (p=0.002) while HER/2 neu expression showed insignificant correlation (p=0.231). The research also found that most of the females in their 40s were suffering from breast cancer also the older women had positive were “estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2/neu expression” as compared to younger females but there are high chances of survival if breast cancer is diagnosed and managed timely. To do so awareness regarding self-care and self-analysis for women is important to prevent the prognosis of breast cancer. Keywords: Breast Cancer, hormonal receptor status, estrogen, progesterone
Background: Lactational breast abscess is attributed to higher morbidities among women, specifically from developing countries. Though many treatment options are available, still consensus regarding the modality yielding the best outcome is scarce. The study's objective was to compare the outcome of lactational breast abscess following incision & drainage (ID) versus ultrasound-guided needle aspiration (USGNA).
Methodology: This prospective comparative investigation was carried upon a sample of 59 female patients with lactational breast abscess (chosen via non-probability, consecutive sampling), presenting to the Department of Surgery at Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad. The patients were divided into two groups, namely Group A (ID) and Group B (USGNA). Data was documented using a structured questionnaire, including inquiries related to sociodemographic details, disease specifics, and treatment outcomes (mainly abscess resolution, uninterrupted breastfeeding and fistula formation).
Results: The results showed that 3 patients (5.08%) from group A developed mammary fistula, 26 (44.06%) with complete resolution, and only 1 (1.69%) patient attained uninterrupted breastfeeding. In group B, there was full resolution in 28 (47.45%) patients, and the abscess of 2 (3.38%) patients did not completely resolve, while 28 (47.45%) attained uninterrupted breastfeeding.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that USGNA yields a better outcome in the treatment of lactational breast abscess in terms of lesser incidence of fistula development, the better probability of complete resolution and a significantly higher rate of attainments of the ability to breastfeed uninterruptedly.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.