This article aims at investigating the relevance of a gender perspective in societies where women are mainly responsible for the household and childcare. For this purpose, the activities of two environmental and women’s empowerment–related nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) from Pakistan, Leadership for Environment and Development (LEAD) and Aurat (woman) Foundation, have been investigated with the help of a case study methodology. Semi-structured interviews have been conducted with 12 females. Through a feminist approach, this study analyzes the goals, scope, and programs of the selected NGOs in environmental education, ecofeminism, and women’s empowerment. Empirical results suggest that when a woman is environmental-aware, she has the potential to make more sustainable choices, and thus educate other members of the family.
This paper deals with a critical study of Coordinated Management of Meaning Theory (CMM) as a practical theory and its function to employ a systematic way of conversation in a critical speech. The present study is based on a brief introduction and background perspective of the theory along with its different stages in relation with to address the issues of social conversations. The researcher also has included opinions of many other practitioners of CMM theory and their appreciations, suggestions, and concerns are discussed to make the understanding of the theory in a more clear and comprehensive way. The study concludes that CMM has influenced interpersonal and intercultural communication, management of communication, social communication, conflict, and mediation in communication and last but not the least consultancy and therapy through communication.
This paper is an attempt to portray the plight of Mariam that she undergoes due to her illegitimate social status. The study focuses on the critical societal attitude towards the illegitimate unfortunate women. Mariam begins her life with a "harami" status; continues her struggle for personal identity, suffer and endures as a battered woman and leave this world as a woman of consequences by digging herself out of the lower social status that society attached to her. The study analyzes Mariam's endurance, struggles and resistance in her strenuous journey to attain legitimate ending. The researcher used feminist literary criticism to interpret the text as a research methodology and adopted close textual analysis of the text by Khaled Hosseini, A Thousand Splendid Suns.
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