The purpose of this study is to determine the anatomical features of the sphenoid sinus using computerized tomography (CT).100 Sudanese subjects were investigated for CT sinuses; Characterization of the sphenoid sinus and seven horizontal and vertical measurements were evaluated.Onodi cell was found in 13 subjects, 10 of them were sellar and 3 were pre-sellar. Pneumatization was of the sellar type in 85%, presellar was 15%, and no subject was chonchal.The mean length of vertical lines from the center of sphenoid ostium to the roof and bottom were 10.6 ± 3.1 mm, 11.1 ± 3.7 mm respectively. When the sphenoid ostium was located superior to the lowest point of the sella, the line from the center of the sphenoid sinus ostium to the posterior wall of the sinus was 15.2 ± 4.2 mm and when was located inferior, the line was 26.3 ± 5.2 mm on average. The mean length from the lowest point of the sella to the anterior wall of sphenoid sinus was 16.8 ± 3.6 mm. The line from anterior wall to posterior wall of sphenoid sinus lining skull base was 10.9 ± 3.2mm mm. The maximum depth was 25.2 ± 6.9 mm and the maximum width was 18.4 ± 5.9mm. The differences in the sphenoid sinus character take place between males and females.The study provides essential anatomical information for Sudanese subjects and its impact in the clinical surgical practice.

Background: Wide variable modalities and imaging techniques are used in the diagnosis of several urinary tract diseases. The availability, ease of acquisition, and diagnostic capability of CT are such that it remains the modality of choice when it comes to evaluate urinary tract diseases. Aims: To study renal disease using computed tomography at Taif, Saudi Arabia, and to determine the relationship between the CT finding and the patient's gender, age, and clinical finding. Methods: This is a retrospective study that was conducted at King

Background: MRI is a widely used modality for diagnosing patients with knee complaints, and it has increasingly replaced diagnostic arthroscopy in this regard. The current research aimed to study the assessment of traumatic knee injuries using MRI, to identify any correlations between the type of tissue damage and age, to determine the ligaments most frequently involved, and to compare the frequency of knee injuries in athletes to those in the general population. Methods and Results: This cross-sectional study included 150 patients with a history of knee injuries who were referred for knee MRI. The study was carried out in the radiology departments of two hospitals (King Faisal Hospital and King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia). Medical reports were collected from March 2021 to April 2022. The largest number of affected males were in the age group of 20-30 years; the largest number of affected females were in the age groups of 51-60 years and >60 years. Most athletic patients were in the age group of 20-30 years of age. The anterior cruciate ligament (51.9%) and meniscus (43.1%) were the most affected parts of the knee joint in patients of all ages. Joint effusions and cysts were found in 74.4% and 21.6%, respectively, among all age groups. A torn disc was found in 4 cases, only in male patients aged <20 to 40 years. Conclusion: A non-invasive, radiation-free procedure, MRI facilitates accurate “lesion mapping,” which is important in the diagnosis and follow-up of traumatic knee injuries.

Introduction: Quantification of maxillary sinus volumes might be a complicated and annoying process, but it is beneficial for clinicians, for example, but not limited to plastic and maxillofacial reconstruction, and artificial implants rehabilitation. Its volumetry may alter by many factors and may exhibit diversity. Aim: To determine the relationship of age and gender to the volume of the maxillary sinus in normal Sudanese subjects, and to verify if there is diversity bilaterally in both sexes. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Radiology, Royal Care Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan, during the period from August 2018 to July 2019. It consisted of Computed Tomography (CT) images of adults aged more than 17 years from both genders of Sudanese subjects, who underwent a CT scan of the Paranasal Sinuses (PNS) that showed positive clinical signs and symptoms, and proved to be normal. The obtained data was statistically analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. A paired-sample t-test was applied to compare between the volume of the right and left maxillary sinuses. An independent t-test was used to evaluate the relations between the gender and the volume of the maxillary sinuses. Pearson’s r test used to find possible correlation between age and maxillary sinuses volume. Results: A total of 81 CT images (46 males and 35 females, aged 17-78 years) were studied. There is negative correlation between age and maxillary sinuses volume. The advancement of age seems to reduce the size of the maxillary sinuses in male and female groups (r=-0.029; p=0.9, and r=-0.313; p=0.07, respectively). Conversely, gender had no significant effects in the maxillary sinuses volume (p=0.9). The mean total volume of the maxillary sinuses in male and female was 38.70±12.12 cm3 and 38.34±11.50 cm3, respectively. When bilaterally compared there was no significant differences were found in its volume in either sex {Male (p=0.07), female (p=0.11)}. Conclusion: The combination of CT scanning with the Cavalieri principle is a direct and accurate technique that can be safely applied to estimate the volume of the maxillary sinuses. Additional large prospective studies might be required to support the findings of this study.

Digital health systems such as tablet devices, smartphones, and online websites, are swiftly transforming the practice of medical science and reshaping health care approaches. A PRISMA guidelines-based systematic review was conducted using research databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) to identify the applications and fill the literature gap in Gastroenterological disorders. A total of 212 articles were searched, excluding duplicate records, sixty nine articles were founded out of which only fifteen were selected using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Risk of a bias assessment tool called ROBVIS 2 is used to examine the risk of predisposition and precision of all the fifteen studies included. Most of the patients in these trials were females, educated, and have inflammatory bowel diseases. These clinical studies concentrated on Ulcerative colitis (n=5), Crohn's disease (n=4), and inflammatory bowel disease (n=6) with feedback of mostly 3 months (n=5) and 6 months (n=5). The internet-based intervention varied from study to study but the outcomes in each study were clear that either this system was efficient or not. Based on the searched literature and selected studies it was concluded that online health technologies can effectively cope with Gastroenterological disorders and patients with digestive disorders have shown good acceptability and pleasure in all the selected studies. Keywords: eHealth technologies, Digestive disorders, Ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, Review