Background: Diabetic nephropathy become the main cause of chronic renal diseases in the world, that have been demonstrated high mortality rate and disability in patients with diabetes mellitus. Many recent studies demonstrate the associations of CRP and development of renal impairment in type two diabetic patients demonstrating the relation between systemic inflammation and glycemic control and consequently with severity of diabetic complications. Aim of study: evaluate the role of CRP and to analyze any correlation of CRP with nephropathy complications of diabetes. Material: the study was a cross sectional study of 62 type tow diabetic patients attended to Kirkuk general Hospital and 28 healthy subjects. Patient group was separated into two groups first include those have diabetic nephropathy and the second group include patient s without nephropathy. CRP level in serum sample was evaluated and albumin-creatinine ratio in random urine samples were calculated. Results: the present study revealed that the CRP serum concentration was significantly high in patient with nephropathy than those without nephropathy (P< 0.01). Also, demonstrated that the urine albumin-creatinine ratio was significantly increased in patients with nephropathy as compared with those without nephropathy as well as there is a strong positive correlation between CRP and urine albumin-creatinine ratio. Conclusion: A positive correlation of CRP with albumin-creatinine ration indicating the role of CRP in development of DN and possibility of used CRP measurement to predicate the DN development in type two diabetic patients. also supports the treatment targeting inflammatory mediators in improving diabetic complication.

The goal of this study was to examine the changes in salivary biochemical markers such as AST, ALT, GGT, albumin, and C-RP in COVD-19 patients (n=50) to control subjects (n=50). Methods: Whole saliva samples were taken from fifty persons who were matched with sex and age and were then divided into two groups: healthy (n = 50) and COVID-19 (n = 50).Student's t-test and the Correlation-Coefficient test were used to determine statistical significance. The data is presented as a mean standard deviation. A spectrophotometric kit was used to quantify salivary AST, AST, ALP GGT, LDH, and albumin levels, while a conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent test was used to determine CRP amounts. COVID-19 patients had significantly greater salivary levels of AST, AST, ALP GGT, LDH, and C-RP than controls. However, when compared to the control group, salivary albumin levels in COVID-19 patients were considerably lower. Conclusion: Elevated salivary ALP, AST, AST, GGT, and CRP levels in COVID-19 patients suggest salivary gland injury and could serve as a salivary marker for salivary gland involvement in COVID-19.

Thalassaemia is an inherited blood disorder in which the body makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin. The symptoms of thalassemia appear in the first two years of life and include paleness of the skin, anemia, bone abnormalities, weakness and growth retardations. (70) male thalassaemic patients are diagnosed in thalassaemia center at Azadi Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk city  and( 30) normal male healthy Controls were included in this study Anthropometric measures include, Age, BMI, were done for all participants. there is significant elevation, (P> 0.01) in PTH in P2 age group (9-13) years as compare with control healthy subjectsand as compare with P1(4-8) and P3(14-18) age group. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.023

Thalassaemia is an inherited blood disorder in which the body makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin. The symptoms of thalassemia appear in the first two years of life and include paleness of the skin, anemia, bone abnormalities, weakness and growth retardations. (70) male thalassaemic patients are diagnosed in thalassaemia center at Azadi Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk city  and( 30) normal male healthy Controls were included in this study Anthropometric measures include, Age, BMI, were done for all participants. there is significant elevation, (P> 0.01) in PTH in P2 age group (9-13) years as compare with control healthy subjectsand as compare with P1(4-8) and P3(14-18) age group

The metabolic syndrome is a group of cardio metabolic risk factors characterized by adipose tissue malfunction and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance might be one of the main reasons of many metabolic disturbances as well as dysregulation of the blood glucose level. In recent years, the relationship between vitamin D and insulin resistance has been a topic of debate and growing broad interest. In fact, vitamin D serum level may be one of the factors accelerating the development of insulin resistance. Vitamin D deficiency is a common abnormal condition in the population and may be involved with the pathogenesis of diseases related to insulin resistance, such as obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In addition, there are several researches that recommended the use of vitamin D to improve insulin resistance in patients with metabolic disorders, but the mechanism by which the vitamin works to produce this effect is still a matter of debate among researchers. the aim of this review is to summarize the recent evidence suggest mechanisms by which vitamin D can improves insulin sensitivity.

Aim of the Study: Evaluate the relation of serum level of AGEs and MDA with the development ofdiabetic nephropathy in patient with type two diabetes mellitus and to evaluate the possible mechanismby which AGEs and MDA induce nephrotic complication in type two diabetic patients.Patients and Methods: This case-control study was carried out in Erbil city from the period startedfrom 1st of December 2020 to the end of March 2021. The study included 62 type 2 diabetic patients(31 patients nephropathy and 31 patients T2DM without nephropathy), their age between 40– 69 years,these patients who attended Rizgari General Hospital. The study also included 28 healthy controlindividuals defended as subjects who apparently haven’t any chronic diseases. Blood was collectedfrom each for determination of HbA1c level , AGE3 and MDA and RBS.Results: The study revealed that, the highest mean of RBS and HbA1c was recorded in DN groupfollowed by diabetic non-nephropathy and the control group. The study revealed that, the highest meanof UACR was recorded in DN group (258.6±28.56 mg/gm) followed by diabetic non-nephropathy(35.6±11.95 mg/gm) and the control group (20.39±1.72 mg/gm) (P<0.001). The study showed asignificant positive of AGEs and MDA with each of duration of DM, blood sugar, HbA1c and UACR.Conclusions: This study showed elevated of AGEs, MDA and Poor glycemic control were associatedwith diabetic nephropathy.