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This study evaluated the effect of probiotics on the growth performance, some immunological, biochemical and hematological parameters of Nile tilapia. Eight weeks feeding trials were conducted to examine the effect of three types of probiotics, multi-strain probiotics (6×10 7 cfu/g), Bacillus subtilis (1×10 11 cfu/g) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2.6×10 10 cfu/g) in commercial names Protexin, Biogen-S and Diamond V respectively. Nile tilapia (24±0.02 g) was fed probiotic-incorporated diets as well as control diet (free of probiotics) in triplicates. At 4th and 8th week of feeding trial, the growth performance of fish fed different probiotics was higher than those fed the control diet. No significant difference was observed among fish fed different probiotics for 4 or 8 weeks. Blood profile showed an increase in hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBCs), packed cell volume (PCV), total protein, and globulin while aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels decreased in fish fed different types of probiotics. Probiotics supplementation improved fish innate immunity based on lysozyme and respiratory burst activities over the control diet evaluated at 4th and 8th week. Likewise, significant up-regulation of the expression of cytokine genes, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF α) estimated at 8th week by using quantitative RT-PCR were significantly higher than the control. After experimental period (8 weeks) fish from each group were challenged by pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila (4×10 8 cfu/ml) which exhibited better relative survival percentages than the controls. Dietary supplementation of probiotics improves growth performance, immune status and disease resistance in Nile tilapia. Also, the best results related to growth obtained from groups fed multi-strain probiotic.

Background: Spathiphyllum is one of the best plants for indoor gardening as it is a rhizome and undemanding of light care. It is a member of lily family (Araceae). The plant itself should live for 10 years or more if not maltreated. Spthiphyllum cannifolium plants are used in clean air study for their ability to remove formaldehyde, benezyne, and CO 2 from interior air. UV is divided into three wavelength ranges; UV radiation can have damaging effects on DNA and/or physiological processes and play central role in characterization of bioresponses. A large number of studies have been conducted to evaluate the potential consequences of an increase in UV-B radiation on many plants. Results: In this investigation, plants treated with 45-min ultraviolet radiation (UV) recorded the highest values on growth parameter, anatomical structure, survival %, and proline %. Fifteen minutes of UV radiation exposure gave the second highest value of previous parameters. Conversely, exposure of plantlets to moderate dose (30 min of UV radiation exposure) recorded fewer values in previous mentioned parameters. Start codon targeted (SCoT) analyses exhibited 39 DNA bands which appeared by using seven primers. These bands were identified as 15 polymorphic and 24 monomorphic ones with 38.46% polymorphism. Twelve unique bands were identified in the resulted SCoT profile. Conclusion: The results were nearly in an ascending order with increasing of UV-B radiation exposure time. Increasing exposure time to 45 min increased significantly the values of vegetative growth, anatomical parameters, and proline percentage in most cases compared with control and other UV-B radiation treatments. In the contrary, 30 min recorded decreased in previous mentioned treatments. The SCoT (Start codon targeted) marker is helpful for possible distinguishing, identifying, and characterizing of UV treatments.

Background: Eustoma grandiflorum is a new floral crop for the international flowers market, moderately coldtolerant annual or biennial plant. A large number of seedlings can be produced by seed propagation but the quality is not uniform due to variations in the flowering time, plant height, and the number of flowers. Propagation of Eustoma grandiflorum plant by tissue culture technique is relatively low. Inducing mutations is one of the powerful tools for breeding biotechnology. Laser mutagenesis is an easy and new tool. The goal of the present work was to investigate the influence of laser irradiation on in vitro growth, anatomy, flowering, chemicals composition, and gene mutagenesis. Results: The most of morphological, floral parameters, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanin pigment contents in the flower recorded increment by most treatments of laser types. The highest survival percentage of acclimatized plants (95%) and highest values of number of branches and branches length (cm) were obtained from treated plantlets by 20 min of green laser, while most of highest floral parameters, anthocyanin pigment contents in flower, and anatomical structural parameters recorded increasing using 20 min of blue laser and 20, 25 min of green and red laser, respectively. Contrary, the lowest values of photosynthetic pigments and carotenoids were obtained from 20 min of green laser. Conclusions: The current research concluded that laser irradiation has remarkable effect on plant morphology, flowering, chemical constituents, and gene mutagenesis.