Mesoporous silica (MPS) nanoparticle was prepared as carriers for drug delivery systems by sol-gel method from sodium silicate as inexpensive precursor of silica and Cocamidopropyl betaine (CABP) as template. The silica particles were characterized by SEM, TEM, AFM, XRD, and N2adsorption-desorption isotherms. The results show that the MPS particle in the nanorange (40-80 nm) with average diameter equal to 62.15 nm has rods particle morphology, specific surface area is 1096.122 m 2 /g, pore volume 0.900 cm 3 /g, with average pore diameter 2.902 nm, which can serve as efficient carriers for drugs. The adsorption kinetic of Ciprofloxacin (CIP) drug was studied and the data were analyzed and found to match well with pseudofirst order kinetic model. The CIP drug-loaded mesoporous silica (CIP-mSiO2) nanoparticles has capacity of about 16.3 mg drug/ mg mSiO 2 were achieved, and capable of releasing 26% and 98.6% of their drug content after 90 min in water and PBS solution(pH,7.4) respectively. In-vitro controlled release studies of CIP in Simulated Body Fluid were carried out under stirring conditions. A study on release kinetics and mechanism using Koresmeyer-Pepps model, first order kinetic, and kopcha model shows that the Korsmeyer-Peppas and Kopcha models, both conform more closely to the release data.

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:The availability, low toxicity, and high degree of technological development make silicon the most likely material to be used in solar cells, the cost of solar cells depends entirely on cost of high purity silicon production. The present work was conducted to electrodeposite of silicon from K 2 SiF 6 , an inexpensive raw material prepared from fluorosilicic acid (H 2 SiF 6 ) produced in Iraqi Fertilizer plants, and using inexpensive graphite material as cathode electrode. The preparation of potassium fluorosilicate was performed at (60 o C) in a three necks flask provided with a stirrer ,while the electro deposition was performed at 750 o C in a three-electrodes configuration with melt containing in graphite pot. High purity potassium fluorosilicate (99.25%) was obtained at temperature (60 o C), molar ratio-KCl/H 2 SiF 6 (1.4) and agitation (600 rpm). Spongy compact deposits were obtained for silicon with purity not less than (99.97%) at cathode potential (−0.8 V vs. Pt), K 2 SiF 6 concentration (14% mole percent) with grain size (130 µm) and level of impurities (Cu, Fe and Ni) less than (0.02%).

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Magnetic mesoporous materials covered with mesoporous silica shells (Fe3O4@mSiO2) are the most promising material, which is fulfilling many applications especially for adsorption and delivering drugs system. The present research involves the preparation of magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 and mesoporous silica mSiO2 as coreshell materials using sol–gel method in the presence of amid propyl betaine surfactant as template. The surface texture, morphology and particle and crystalline size of the prepared adsorbent were characterized using SEM, TEM, XRD, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption techniques. The results show that the prepared adsorbent has surface area equal to 1670 m2/g, mesopores in range 2-10 nm with a high degree of ordering of the porous structure and has a crystalline size equal to 30.16 nm. The adsorption behavior of Ciprofloxacin drug from aqueous systems onto the adsorbent has been studied using a batch experiments method. The equilibrium of the process at temperature 293K was achieved within 120 min and 0.06 g of adsorbent dose. Adsorption isotherms were fitted with the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin –Radushkevich models and the results show the Langmuir and Temkin model was best fitted, and the adsorption process is physical adsorption type. The kinetic data were analyzed and found to match well with pseudo-second order kinetic model. Ciprofloxacin drug loading and capacity of release of the Fe3O4@mSiO2 carrier was also studied.

The availability, low toxicity, and high degree of technological development make silicon the most likely material to be used in solar cells, the cost of solar cells depends entirely on cost of high purity silicon production. The present work was conducted to electrodeposite of silicon from K 2 SiF 6 , an inexpensive raw material prepared from fluorosilicic acid (H 2 SiF 6) produced in Iraqi Fertilizer plants, and using inexpensive graphite material as cathode electrode. The preparation of potassium fluorosilicate was performed at (60 o C) in a three necks flask provided with a stirrer ,while the electro deposition was performed at 750 o C in a three-electrodes configuration with melt containing in graphite pot. High purity potassium fluorosilicate (99.25%) was obtained at temperature (60 o C), molar ratio-KCl/H 2 SiF 6 (1.4) and agitation (600 rpm). Spongy compact deposits were obtained for silicon with purity not less than (99.97%) at cathode potential (−0.8 V vs. Pt), K 2 SiF 6 concentration (14% mole percent) with grain size (130 µm) and level of impurities (Cu, Fe and Ni) less than (0.02%).

Interfacial and thermodynamic properties Γmax, Amin, ᴨcmc , ΔG °ads, ΔG °m, ΔH °m, and ΔS °m of individual sodium octyl sulfosuccinate (AOT) surfactant and their mixture with (DPH) drug at two concentrations (0.001 and 0.0001 M) have been calculated. The calculation was performed using the surface tension at temperature range 293-323 K with the variation of surfactant concentration to determine the cmc of all systems studied. The variation of critical micelle concentration (cmc) with concentration of DPH drug and the temperature was used to calculate the parameters above. The results indicate that the cmc of AOT Decrease when the DPH was added and when the temperature increased at the whole temperature studied. The results obtained for interfacial properties show that Γmax decrease with the addition of DPH. The results of thermodynamic properties indicate that the micellization and adsorption at interface are spontaneous and the ΔG°ads are more negative than ΔG°m at all temperatures which reveal that micelle formation is less spontaneous than adsorption or surface adsorption is more preferable than micellization.

In the present study, removal of safranin dye from water bodies was investigated using natural biosorbent (Thyme leaves (TEL)). The influence of multiple factors such as as contact time (15 – 105 mins), adsorbent dose (25 to 350) mg/l , adsorbate dose (5 to 40)mg\L, and temperature (25 to 55)o C were taken for investigation. The adsorption isotherms were described by utilized Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubnin-Radushkevich models, Freundlich isotherm model found to be best suited with experimental data out of 3 isotherm The adsorption process followed pseudo second order model.