Background: Endometrium examination by Ultrasound is commonly used to assess the endometrial receptivity during in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Aim of the work:To evaluate the role of pulsatility index (PI) of uterine artery blood flow during IVF-ET cycles in prediction of pregnancy rate.

Background: PET is considered to be the most sensitive and specific modality for the detection of recurrent colorectal cancer. This study is to assess the role of F18-FDG PET/CT in post-operative assessment in a patient with colorectal cancer with elevated CEA level to rule out local recurrence and/or metastasis and hence guiding the clinician to the proper management strategy. Results: This study was performed on 45 patients who underwent surgical resection of the colon and/or rectal cancer; they were referred for PET/CT assessment at least 3 months after surgical resection. F18-FDG PET/CT sensitivity and specificity in detecting the recurrence and/or metastasis were 96.9 % and 83.3%, respectively. The positive predictive value was 94.2% while the negative predictive value was 90%. Conclusion: For post-operative detection of loco-regional recurrence and metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer and elevated CEA level, 18F-FDG PET/CT can be considered as an efficient diagnostic imaging tool due to its high sensitivity and specificity which extensively affect further management.

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Background The aim of this study is to investigate whether quantitative DW metrics can provide additive value to the reliable categorization of lesions within existing PI-RADSv2 guidelines. Fifty-eight patients with clinically suspicious prostate cancer who underwent PR examination, PSA serum levels, sextant TRUS-guided biopsies, and bi-parametric MR imaging were included in the study. Results Sixty-six lesions were detected by histopathological analysis of surgical specimens. The mean ADC values were significantly lower in tumor than non-tumor tissue. The mean ADC value inversely correlated with Gleason score of tumors with a significant p value < 0.001.Conversely, a positive relationship was found between the ADC ratio (ADC of benign prostatic tissue to prostate cancer) and the pathologic Gleason score with a significant elevation of the ADC ratio along with an increase of the pathologic Gleason score (p < 0.001). ROC curves constructed for the tumor ADC and ADC ratio helped to distinguish pathologically aggressive (Gleason score ≥ 7) from non-aggressive (Gleason score ≤ 6) tumors and to correlate it with PIRADSv2 scoring to predict the presence of clinically significant PCA (PIRADSv2 DW ≥ 4). The ability of the tumor ADC and ADC ratio to predict highly aggressive tumors (GS> 7) was high (AUC for ADC and ADC ratio, 0.946 and 0.897; p = 0.014 and 0.039, respectively). The ADC cut-off value for GS ≥ 7 was < 0.7725 and for GS ≤ 6 was > 0.8620 with sensitivity and specificity 97 and 94%. The cutoff ADC ratio for predicting (GS > 7) was 1.42 and for GS ≤ 6 was > 1.320 with sensitivity and specificity 97 and 92%. By applying this ADC ratio cut-off value the sensitivity and specificity of reader 1 for correct categorization of PIRADSv2 DW > 4 increased from 90 and 68% to 95 and 90% and that of reader 2 increased from 94 and 88% to 97 and 92%, respectively. Conclusion Estimation of DW metrics (ADC and ADC ratio between benign prostatic tissue and prostate cancer) allow the non-invasive assessment of biological aggressiveness of prostate cancer and allow reliable application of the PIRADSv2 scoring to determine clinically significant cancer (DW score > 4) which may contribute in planning initial treatment strategies.

Background The purpose of this study is to assess the role of 18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18FDG PET-CT) in the follow-up of patients with lymphoma after finishing therapy. Results This study included 42 lymphomas (25 non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and 17 Hodgkin’s lymphoma); patients ranging in age from 18 to 70 years were examined by 18FDG PET-CT after therapy and analyzed retrospectively. Confirmatory biopsy was mandatory in cases of suspected disease recurrence and follow-up in cases of complete metabolic response. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography in assessment of lymphoma treatment response reveals significant statistical significance (P < 0.05). It shows 100% sensitivity, 92.8% specificity, and 95.2% accuracy in the prediction of response. Conclusion Positron emission tomography/computed tomography plays an important role in detection of response to treatment of lymphoma after finishing therapy.

Background Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of death in females worldwide. Early diagnosis and accurate staging are mandatory for proper management. Anatomic imaging and serum cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) measurement have been widely used for follow up of treated ovarian cancer patients to detect residual or recurrent neoplasia. The aim of this study was to assess the value of whole-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography using 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG PET/CT) in follow up of ovarian cancer patients presented with elevated CA 125 serum level. Results The current study was performed over a period of 2 years between March 2019 and March 2022. Seventy-six patients were included with history of treated ovarian cancer (underwent either surgical resection and/or received radio/chemotherapy) but were subsequently presented rising tumor marker CA-125 serum level (more than 35 U/ml). All patients underwent a 18F-FDG PET/CT scanning on whole body. The FDG-PET results were correlated with histological findings, radiological or tumor marker/clinical follow-up. The patients with inconsistent findings were followed up with U/S, post contrast pelviabdominal CT, MRI or PET/CT 3–6 months later. The 18FDG PET/CT scan was positive in 62 patients, and it was negative in 14 patients. Specificity, sensitivity, negative predictive value, as well as positive predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of integrated PET/CT, were found to be 92.3%, 96.3%, 96.1%, 85.7% and 98.4%, respectively. Conclusions 18F-FDG PET/CT is a valuable imaging tool for assessment of ovarian cancer patients presented with elevated CA-125 tumor marker serum level.

Background: Malignant lymphoma is the most common hematological malignancy accounts for approximately 8% of all adult malignancies. Lymphomas are broadly divided into Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma accounts for about 5% of all cases of cancer. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas have the vast majority of cases and have a greater predilection to disseminate to extranodal sites. Aim of Study: The aim of this work is to study the role of PET/CT in the diagnosis and follow-up of Non-hodgkin lymphoma and assess its extranodal extention. Patients and Methods: The study was conducted on thirty patients where the diagnosis of non-hodgkin lymphoma have been pathologically confirmed, 18 males (60%) and 12 females (40%), their ages are ranged between 19 to 73 years old. All patients were subjected to full history taking, laboratory testing, biopsy and histopathology, the studied cases according to pathalogical type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma mostly were of B-cell type (80%) and (20%) T-cell type, CT scan and PET/CT examination. All patients were examined using Siemens Bio-graph true point PET/CT scanner. Results: Extranodal involvement was detected by PET/CT in 16 patients (53.3%). Their distribution was as follows; head and neck: 4 patients (13.3%), lung: 3 patients (10%), abdomen: 12 patients (40%), MSK: 10 patients (33.3%), while CECT detected 8 patients had extra nodal involvement their distribution was as follow; head and neck: 2 patients (6.6%), lung: 1 patient (3.3%), abdomen:7 patients (43.7%), MSK: 6 patients (16.6%). Thirty patients referred for initial assessment SUV max among the 30 patients referred for initial assessment ranged from 3.7-34.0 with mean value of 16.91 ± 8.07 SD. In aggressive type of NHL SUVmax ranged from 10.5-34.0 with mean value of 19.9 ±6.65 SD, the aggressive type of NHL is significantly higher (p≤ 0.01) than in indolent type.