The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) reflects a dynamic relationship between the innate (neutrophils) and adaptive (lymphocytes) cellular immune response. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to critically evaluate the literature regarding the use of the NLR as a reliable means to detect several ocular disorders. Our study was registered with the PROSPERO (ID: CRD42022314850). Three databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Web of Science, were searched on September 9, 2022, with no restrictions on the article’s language. Finally, 32 articles were recognized as eligible for our meta-analysis. We found that patients with eye diseases had significantly elevated levels of NLR in comparison to healthy controls (SMD =0.53, 95% CI =0.35-0.71, P < 0.001 ). In subgroup analysis, patients with keratoconus (SMD =0.69; 95% CI =0.33-1.05, P < 0.001 ), glaucoma (SMD =0.56, 95% CI =0.25-0.87, P < 0.001 ), pterygium (SMD =0.14; 95% CI =0.01-0.26, P < 0.001 ), and idiopathic epiretinal membrane (SMD =0.14; 95% CI =0.01-0.26, P < 0.001 ) had higher levels of NLR compared to healthy controls. However, NLR levels of patients with dry eye disease were similar to healthy controls (SMD =0.32, 95% CI = -0.49-1.13, P = 0.435 ). It can be said that NLR is a valuable marker of systemic inflammation, which is significantly increased in many eye disorders, suggesting that inflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of these diseases.

Background: miR-122 is a liver speci c micro RNA that participates in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. rs17669 variant positioned at the anking region of miR-122 and may be affects its stability and maturation. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigates the association between rs17669 polymorphism with the miR-122 circulating level, risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development and biochemical parameters in these patients and matched healthy controls.Methods and Results: Two hundred and ninety-ve subjects (controls; n=145 and T2DM; n=150) enrolled in this study. rs17669 variant genotyping was done by ARMS-PCR. Serum biochemical parameters including lipid pro le and glucose were measured by colorimetric kits. Insulin and Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were assayed by using capillary electrophoresis and ELISA methods respectively. miR-122 expression was measured by real-time PCR. There was no signi cant difference in allele and genotype distribution between study groups (P>0.05). rs17669 variant has not any signi cant association with miR-122 gene expression and biochemical parameters (P>0.05). miR-122 expression level in T2DM patients was considerably higher than that in control subjects (5.7±2.4 vs 1.4±0.78) (P>0.05). Furthermore, there were a positive and signi cant correlation between miR-122 fold change with LDL-C, sdLDL, FBS and insulin resistance (P>0.05).Conclusions: It can be concluded that miR-122 rs17669 variant is not associated to the miR-122 expression and T2DM-associated serum parameters. Furthermore, it can be suggesting that miR-122 dysregulation involved in T2DM development through the inducing dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia as well as resistance to insulin.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are known for their significant capability to reconstitute and preserve a functional hematopoietic system in long-term periods after transplantation into conditioned hosts. HSCs are thus crucial cellular targets for the continual repair of inherited hematologic, metabolic, and immunologic disorders. In addition, HSCs can undergo various fates, such as apoptosis, quiescence, migration, differentiation, and self-renewal. Viruses continuously pose a remarkable health risk and request an appropriate, balanced reaction from our immune system, which as well as affects the bone marrow (BM). Therefore, disruption of the hematopoietic system due to viral infection is essential. In addition, patients for whom the risk-to-benefit ratio of HSC transplantation (HSCT) is acceptable have seen an increase in the use of HSCT in recent years. Hematopoietic suppression, BM failure, and HSC exhaustion are all linked to chronic viral infections. Virus infections continue to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in HSCT recipients, despite recent advancements in the field. Furthermore, whereas COVID-19 manifests initially as an infection of the respiratory tract, it is now understood to be a systemic illness that significantly impacts the hematological system. Patients with advanced COVID-19 often have thrombocytopenia and blood hypercoagulability. In the era of COVID-19, Hematological manifestations of COVID-19 (i.e., thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia), the immune response, and HSCT may all be affected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in various ways. Therefore, it is important to determine whether exposure to viral infections may affect HSCs used for HSCT, as this, in turn, may affect engraftment efficiency. In this article, we reviewed the features of HSCs, and the effects of viral infections on HSCs and HSCT, such as SARS-CoV-2, HIV, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, HIV, etc.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cause of cancer death in women. According to the American Cancer Society's yearly cancer statistics, BC constituted almost 15% of all the newly diagnosed cancer cases in 2022 for both sexes. Metastatic disease occurs in 30% of patients with BC. The currently available treatments fail to cure metastatic BC, and the average survival time for patients with metastatic BC is approximately 2 years. Developing a treatment method that terminates cancer stem cells without harming healthy cells is the primary objective of novel therapeutics. Adoptive cell therapy is a branch of cancer immunotherapy that utilizes the immune cells to attack cancer cells. Natural killer (NK) cells are an essential component of innate immunity and are critical in destroying tumor cells without prior stimulation with antigens. With the advent of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), the autologous or allogeneic use of NK/CAR–NK cell therapy has raised new hopes for treating patients with cancer. Here, we describe recent developments in NK and CAR–NK cell immunotherapy, including the biology and function of NK cells, clinical trials, different sources of NK cells and their future perspectives on BC.

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