Decreasing supplies of high quality crude oil and increasing demand for high quality distillates have motivated the interest in converting natural gas to liquid fuels, especially with the present boom in natural gas proven reserves. Nevertheless, one major issue is the curtailment of costs incurred in producing synthesis gas from natural gas, which account for approximately 60% of the costs used in producing liquid fuels. While there are three main routes to convert natural gas to syngas: steam reforming (SMR), partial Oxidation (POX) and auto-thermal reforming (ATR). Significant new developments and improvements in these technologies, established innovative processes to minimize greenhouse gases emission, minimize energy consumption, enhance syngas processes, adjust the desired H2/CO ratio and change the baseline economics. This article reviews the state of the art for the reforming of natural gas to synthesis gas taking into consideration all the new innovations in both processes and catalysis.

Activated carbon (AC), prepared from sugarcane bagasse waste through a low-temperature chemical carbonization treatment, was used as a support for nano-TiO. TiO supported on AC (xTiO-AC) catalysts (x = 10, 20, 50, and 70 wt.%) were prepared through a mechano-mixing method. The photocatalysts were characterized by Raman, X-ray diffraction analysis, FTIR, S, field emission scanning electron microscope, and optical technique. The adsorption and photo-activity of the prepared catalysts (xTiO-AC) were evaluated using methylene blue (MB) dye. The photocatalytic degradation of MB was evaluated under UVC irradiation and visible light. The degradation percentage of the 100 ppm MB at neutral pH using 20TiO-AC reaches 96 and 91 after 180 min under visible light and UV irradiation, respectively. In other words, these catalysts are more active under visible light than under UV light irradiation, opening the possibility of using solar light for this application.

No abstract

Summary The improvement of hydrogen concentration in the obtained syngas during methane dry reforming is strongly demanded. Additionally, enhancement of CO2 and CH4 conversions has been of high preference. In line with these aims, this research work studies the impact of incorporating lanthanum metal either as a catalytic promoter or as a cosupport, on the efficiency of the reforming process. Two percentages namely 2.5 and 5 wt% were added to a catalyst composed of Ni(10%)–Zr(90%). Thus, four catalytic composites for methane dry reforming were produced. The prepared composites were characterized using XRD, N2‐physisorption, HR‐TEM, TPR, and Raman spectrometer. The catalytic performance and H2/CO ratio were deteriorated as a result of using lanthanum as a promoter, when compared to the nonpromoted zirconia‐supported Ni catalyst. However, using La as a cosupport showed a strong positive effect on reactants' conversions, the resultant H2/CO ratio and H2 yield%. The most active catalyst in this work was Ni/5La‐ZrO2 catalyst; it showed 73% of hydrogen yield and syngas with H2/CO molar ratio of 1.61 which can be used as feed gas in the Fischer–Tropsch process for the production petroleum distillates.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract