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Summary The improvement of hydrogen concentration in the obtained syngas during methane dry reforming is strongly demanded. Additionally, enhancement of CO2 and CH4 conversions has been of high preference. In line with these aims, this research work studies the impact of incorporating lanthanum metal either as a catalytic promoter or as a cosupport, on the efficiency of the reforming process. Two percentages namely 2.5 and 5 wt% were added to a catalyst composed of Ni(10%)–Zr(90%). Thus, four catalytic composites for methane dry reforming were produced. The prepared composites were characterized using XRD, N2‐physisorption, HR‐TEM, TPR, and Raman spectrometer. The catalytic performance and H2/CO ratio were deteriorated as a result of using lanthanum as a promoter, when compared to the nonpromoted zirconia‐supported Ni catalyst. However, using La as a cosupport showed a strong positive effect on reactants' conversions, the resultant H2/CO ratio and H2 yield%. The most active catalyst in this work was Ni/5La‐ZrO2 catalyst; it showed 73% of hydrogen yield and syngas with H2/CO molar ratio of 1.61 which can be used as feed gas in the Fischer–Tropsch process for the production petroleum distillates.

: A steady-state simulation model for xylene isomerization over H-YZeolite was developed. Liquid and vapour phase reactions were considered. The Ðxed bed catalytic reactor was simulated as a plug Ñow reactor that operates either isothermally or adiabatically. Four temperature levels were investigated taking into consideration catalyst deactivation. The main reactions considered in the model were the isomerization reactions and the disproportionation of xylenes to toluene and trimethylbenzene. The model predicts the concentration and temperature proÐles for a given input of operating conditions. The simulation results revealed the similarity in the reactor behaviour if it operates either isothermally or adiabatically with respect to the distribution of the reaction products and catalyst deactivation. The study also indicated that performing the reaction in the liquid phase is more favourable than in the vapour phase due to better selectivity, relative productivity, efficiency and approach to equilibrium. 1998 ( Society of Chemical Industry

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