RESUMENFundamento. Se calculan valores de referencia para cada una de las 21 dimensiones o escalas (73 ítems en total) del cuestionario COPSOQ ISTAS21 para la evaluación de riesgos psicosociales de origen laboral en una muestra representativa de la población asalariada en España.Métodos. Se realizó un muestreo polietápico por conglomerados (muestra final:7.612 trabajadores). La información se obtuvo entre 2004 y 2005 mediante entrevista domiciliaria con el cuestionario. Se estandarizaron las 21 escalas y se establecieron para cada una tres puntos de corte ("más favorable para la salud" o verde, "intermedio" o amarillo, y "más desfavorable para la salud" o rojo) a partir de dos criterios: 1) la distribución teórica en terciles de las puntuaciones obtenidas en cada escala y 2) equilibrar al máximo las categorías "verde" y "roja".Resultados. La tasa de respuesta fue del 60%. La dimensión de Previsibilidad fue la que mostró mayor diferencia entre las proporciones de "verde" y "rojo" (7,14). Claridad de rol agrupó el 35,06 % de la población entre las puntuaciones 100 y 93,75, y Sentimiento de grupo el 29,6% entre 100 y 91,67. Doble presencia y Esconder emociones acumularon el 34,02% y el 27,74% % de la población entre 0 y 12,5 puntos, respectivamente.Conclusiones. Se dispone de distribuciones de referencia representativas para población asalariada en España y actualizadas a 2005 para las 21 dimensiones del método COPSOQ ISTAS21 de evaluación de riesgos psicosociales, base necesaria para diagnosticar las situaciones de riesgo y priorizar las acciones preventivas necesarias en las empresas.Palabras clave. Salud laboral. Exposición ocupacional. Factores psicosociales. Valores de referencia. Encuestas. Cuestionarios. ABSTRACT Psychosocial Risk Exposure among Wage Earning Population in Spain (2004-05): Reference Values of the 21 Dimensions of COPSOQ ISTAS21 QuestionnaireBackground. Reference values of all the 21 psychosocial scales or dimensions (73 items) of the psychosocial risk assessment questionnaire COPSOQ ISTAS21 are computed from a representative sample of the wage earning population in Spain.Methods. Representative sample of the Spanish wageearning population, n=7,612. The sampling was multi-stage by conglomerates. The information was obtained by the administration of a standardized questionnaire in the household during [2004][2005]. All 21 scales were standardized and three punctuation levels were established and labelled as "more favourable to health (or green)", "intermediate (or yellow)" and "more unfavourable to health (or red)" according two criteria: 1) to obtain groups that follow a tertiles theoretical distribution and 2) to get the "red" and "green" groups as equilibrated as possible.Results. Response rate was 60. Predictability dimension showed the wider difference between "green" and "red" proportions (7.14). Role clarity concentred the 35.06 % of population between 100 and 93.75 points, and Sense of community the 29.6% between 100 and 91.67. Double presence and hiding emotions grouped the 34.02% and ...

RESUMENFundamentos: El cuestionario Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) es de dominio público para la medida del síndrome de burnout, que está estructurado en tres subdimensiones: la personal, la relacionada con el trabajo y la relacionada con el trabajo con clientes. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la aceptabilidad, fiabilidad y validez de su traducción al español.Método: La población de estudio fueron 479 trabajadores de la enseñanza, trabajo social, sanidad e industria. Tras el proceso de traducción y retrotraducción, en 2009 se procedió a estudiar las características del cuestionario que incluía las tres escalas de CBI, dieciséis de ambiente psicosocial (COPSOQ ISTAS21) y tres de SF-36.Resultados: La tasa de respuesta fue del 78,7%. Las tres escalas presentaron una correlación inter-ítem entre 0,42 y 0,60 y una correlación ítem-total corregida entre 0,49 y 0,83. La consistencia interna de las tres escalas de burnout tuvo valores de α de Cronbach de 0,90 en el personal, 0,83 en la dimensión relacionada con trabajo y 0,82 en la relacionado con el trato conclientes. Conclusiones:Las puntuaciones de burnout se relacionaron con el entorno psicosocial del trabajo y con las medidas de salud y bienestar en la dirección e intensidad esperadas. Los ítems de las tres escalas presentan una buena capacidad de discriminación, consistencia y homogeneidad. La capacidad de discriminación también se observa en los distintos niveles de burnout entre ocupaciones y actividades. La validez de constructo queda acreditada. Estos resultados demuestran que la versión en castellano de CBI que se presenta es un instrumento fiable y vá-lido para la medida específica de burnout en España. ABSTRACT Validation of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory to Assess Professional Burnout in SpainBackground: The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) is a public domain questionnaire measuring the degree of psychological fatigue experienced in three subdimensions of Burnout: personal (PB), work-related (WB), and client-related Burnout (CB). The study aimed to examine the acceptability, reliability and construct validity of the Spanish version of CBI. Method:The study population consisted of 479 workers of educational centers, social work centres, healthcare centres and workers within the industry sector. Data was collected in 2009 through a self-administered questionnaire including the three CBI scales, sixteen scales of psychosocial work environment (COPSOQ ISTAS21) and perceived general and mental health and vitality (SF-36). Results:Response rate was 78.7%. The three scales have an inter-item correlation average between 0.42 and 0.60 and a corrected item-total correlation between 0,49 and 0,83. The internal consistency of the three scales had Cronbach's α values of 0.90 for PB, 0.83 for WB and 0.82 for CB. Conclusions:Burnout was related to both psychosocial work environment and wellbeing measures in the expected direction and intensity. The items of the three scales show good discrimination capacity, good consistency and homogeneity. The three...

Background: Despite the growing number of studies on direct participation labormanagement practices, little is known about the role of their different discretionary degrees (delegation or consultation) and topics in their relationship with the psychosocial work environment by occupational groups.Methods: Cross-sectional study on the relationship between direct participation and work-related psychosocial risks (using COPSOQ-ISTAS21 v3) on a representative sample of the salaried and wage-earning employees in Spain (n = 1807). Prevalence ratios were calculated using adjusted Poisson regression models, controlling for 10 other labormanagement practices, sex, and age, and stratified by occupational group.Results: The use of direct participation was either associated consistently with a healthier psychosocial work environment (mostly in manual occupations, which presented twice as many positive associations as nonmanual occupations, and of greater strength, mostly in the control and social support dimensions) or there were no significant associations (mostly among nonmanual occupations and in relation to work pace). More frequent and stronger associations were observed when consultation and delegation were used in combination. If used separately, consultation achieved better results among manual occupations and delegation among nonmanual occupations. Direct participation topics were not important for results in manual occupations whereas results were better on tactical (vs. operational) issues in nonmanual occupations.Conclusions: Direct participation does not change power structure, but it may be a useful intervention at the company level to reduce work-related psychosocial exposures and associated diseases among workers in manual occupations, and consequently for decreasing occupational exposures and health inequalities.

The study was carried out on 114 workers of a large firm in the city of Barcelona. Its objectives were to measure the validity of a questionnaire on professional history, achieved by telephone interviews, using the firm's employee register and to identify the socio-professional characteristics associated with the firm. The validity of the main and secondary occupation (name and length of the occupation) was assessed by company reported information with that in the firm's registry, which was considered as a reference criterion. The validity of the name of the main and secondary occupation was 88% and 74% respectively and the validity of their length was 57% and 64.4% respectively. The validity of professional history, in as much as the name of the main and secondary occupation was high. The validity of their length was low.

The aim of the present study is to identify and prioritize the most important five occupational risk factors perceived by representatives of workers in each one of the economical activity branches (EAB) in Barcelona, by the Delphi Method. A Delphi survey was carried out for each EAB of Barcelona. 273 trade union delegates (from 21 to 28 by EAB) were consulted the three successive postal interviews. The typical risk factors (noise, toxics, and infections agents) appeared in the first and second place in the printing, food, textile, chemical and health branches of activity. However, risk factors related to work organization were pointed out in the first place in the rest of branches. The use of the Delphi method by the occupational health managers of a geographical area could let, in an easy and fast way, identify and prioritize the risk factors of this area in order to introduce effectiveness prevention measures.