RESUMENFundamento. Se calculan valores de referencia para cada una de las 21 dimensiones o escalas (73 ítems en total) del cuestionario COPSOQ ISTAS21 para la evaluación de riesgos psicosociales de origen laboral en una muestra representativa de la población asalariada en España.Métodos. Se realizó un muestreo polietápico por conglomerados (muestra final:7.612 trabajadores). La información se obtuvo entre 2004 y 2005 mediante entrevista domiciliaria con el cuestionario. Se estandarizaron las 21 escalas y se establecieron para cada una tres puntos de corte ("más favorable para la salud" o verde, "intermedio" o amarillo, y "más desfavorable para la salud" o rojo) a partir de dos criterios: 1) la distribución teórica en terciles de las puntuaciones obtenidas en cada escala y 2) equilibrar al máximo las categorías "verde" y "roja".Resultados. La tasa de respuesta fue del 60%. La dimensión de Previsibilidad fue la que mostró mayor diferencia entre las proporciones de "verde" y "rojo" (7,14). Claridad de rol agrupó el 35,06 % de la población entre las puntuaciones 100 y 93,75, y Sentimiento de grupo el 29,6% entre 100 y 91,67. Doble presencia y Esconder emociones acumularon el 34,02% y el 27,74% % de la población entre 0 y 12,5 puntos, respectivamente.Conclusiones. Se dispone de distribuciones de referencia representativas para población asalariada en España y actualizadas a 2005 para las 21 dimensiones del método COPSOQ ISTAS21 de evaluación de riesgos psicosociales, base necesaria para diagnosticar las situaciones de riesgo y priorizar las acciones preventivas necesarias en las empresas.Palabras clave. Salud laboral. Exposición ocupacional. Factores psicosociales. Valores de referencia. Encuestas. Cuestionarios. ABSTRACT Psychosocial Risk Exposure among Wage Earning Population in Spain (2004-05): Reference Values of the 21 Dimensions of COPSOQ ISTAS21 QuestionnaireBackground. Reference values of all the 21 psychosocial scales or dimensions (73 items) of the psychosocial risk assessment questionnaire COPSOQ ISTAS21 are computed from a representative sample of the wage earning population in Spain.Methods. Representative sample of the Spanish wageearning population, n=7,612. The sampling was multi-stage by conglomerates. The information was obtained by the administration of a standardized questionnaire in the household during [2004][2005]. All 21 scales were standardized and three punctuation levels were established and labelled as "more favourable to health (or green)", "intermediate (or yellow)" and "more unfavourable to health (or red)" according two criteria: 1) to obtain groups that follow a tertiles theoretical distribution and 2) to get the "red" and "green" groups as equilibrated as possible.Results. Response rate was 60. Predictability dimension showed the wider difference between "green" and "red" proportions (7.14). Role clarity concentred the 35.06 % of population between 100 and 93.75 points, and Sense of community the 29.6% between 100 and 91.67. Double presence and hiding emotions grouped the 34.02% and ...

Introduction The aim is to describe the health and psychosocial risk factors of Spanish healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study by means of an online questionnaire (April–May 2020). The data comes from the database resulting from the COTS project “Working conditions, insecurity, and health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic”. The sample consisted of 1,989 health care workers. Results: Women, young people (doctors and nurses) and the middle-aged (assistants) had poorer health and greater exposure to psychosocial risks. Geriatric assistants were the most-affected occupational group. Conclusions: gender, occupation, and age are focuses of inequality in the exposure of health care workers to psychosocial risks.

Background: Despite the growing number of studies on direct participation labormanagement practices, little is known about the role of their different discretionary degrees (delegation or consultation) and topics in their relationship with the psychosocial work environment by occupational groups.Methods: Cross-sectional study on the relationship between direct participation and work-related psychosocial risks (using COPSOQ-ISTAS21 v3) on a representative sample of the salaried and wage-earning employees in Spain (n = 1807). Prevalence ratios were calculated using adjusted Poisson regression models, controlling for 10 other labormanagement practices, sex, and age, and stratified by occupational group.Results: The use of direct participation was either associated consistently with a healthier psychosocial work environment (mostly in manual occupations, which presented twice as many positive associations as nonmanual occupations, and of greater strength, mostly in the control and social support dimensions) or there were no significant associations (mostly among nonmanual occupations and in relation to work pace). More frequent and stronger associations were observed when consultation and delegation were used in combination. If used separately, consultation achieved better results among manual occupations and delegation among nonmanual occupations. Direct participation topics were not important for results in manual occupations whereas results were better on tactical (vs. operational) issues in nonmanual occupations.Conclusions: Direct participation does not change power structure, but it may be a useful intervention at the company level to reduce work-related psychosocial exposures and associated diseases among workers in manual occupations, and consequently for decreasing occupational exposures and health inequalities.