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State databases identified 60% of generic CHD and exactly matched about half of specific CHD diagnoses. The postnatal hospital discharge summaries performed best in both in identifying generic CHD and matching specific CHD diagnoses. Vital records had limited value in ascertaining CHD.

Methyl esters were produced at several temperatures (10, 35, and 45 °C) by transesterification batch reactions of soybean oil with methanol utilizing KOH and NaOH catalysts. The reactions were monitored by aliquot removal and subsequent proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) analysis. 1H NMR analysis allowed for the calculation of the average degree of fatty acid unsaturation (DU = 1.52) in oil and methyl ester. 1H NMR analysis also provided initial rates of methyl ester formation and an activation energy of 27.2 kJ/mol. The time-dependent concentration data revealed substantial reaction progress toward equilibrium after only 120 s at a reduced temperature of 10 °C. Understanding the resonance shifts in the 1H NMR spectra of starting materials and products allows for quantitation of reaction progress that is in good agreement with results obtained using other analytical methods.

Cryptococcus neoformans was cultured in a chemically defined medium. The culture was adjusted to 0.25% formaldehyde or autoclaved after 5 days of growth at 35C, and a cell-free supernatant was obtained by centrifugation. Solid calcium acetate was added to the supernatant to give a 5% solution, and the pH was adjusted to-5 with glacial acetic acid. The polysaccharide (PS) was precipitated by the addition of 3 volumes of 95% ethanol. The PS was dissolved in 0.2 M NaCI, and insoluble calcium salts were solubilized by the addition of several drops of glacial acetic acid. The PS solution was treated by ultrasonic irradiation for 15 min. This concurrently decreased the molecular weight of the PS and reduced the viscosity of the solution. The ultrasonically irradiated PS was precipitated by differential complexation with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide at 23°C, the complex was dissolved in 1 M NaCl, and the glucuronoxylomannan was precipitated by adding 3 volumes of ethanol. The glucuronoxylomannan was dissolved in 1 M NaCl and then ultrasonically irradiated for 2 h to reduce the molecular mass to a limiting value of-100 kDa (GXMS). The purified GXMS was centrifuged, dialyzed, and finally recovered by lyophilization. GXMS was chromatographed on DEAEcellulose at reasonable concentrations without the complication of high solution viscosity. The sugar composition and structure of GXMS were determined by gas-liquid chromatography, permethylation gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The improved solution characteristics of GXMS were ideal for the determination of its chemical and serological properties.

The physiological and morphological characteristics of eighty-two strains of Hanseniaspora and Kloeckera, represented twenty-nine described species, were examined. These results along with DNA base composition and DNA/DNA reassociation experiments revealed that the genus Hanseniaspora comprises six distinct species, viz. H. valbyensis, H. uvarum, H. guilliermondii, H. occidentalis, H. osmophila and H. vineae, with K. japonica, K. apiculata, K. apis, K. javanica, K. corticis and K. africana, respectively, as their imperfect states.

Thirty-two Malassezia spp. isolates from human clinical specimens represented M. furfur and M. pachydermatis. Both species reportedly were obtained from patients with similar febrile systemic syndromes, including infections of the lungs or other tissues.

Electrophoretic karyotypes of atypical isolates of Candida albicans, e.g., strains that were germ tube negative, failed to express proteinase activity, demonstrated low virulence for mice, formed hyperchlamydoconidia, produced hyperhyphae, or were sucrose negative (including the type strain of Candida stellatoidea), were compared with those of typical C. albicans. Karyotypes of whole-cell DNA of classical C. albicans examined with transverse alternating-field electrophoresis under specific conditions were composed of seven DNA bands with a specific migration pattern. Certain atypical strains and representatives of the three serotypes of C. stellatoidea produced discrete karyotypes with 5 to 10 bands. All isolates demonstrated a significant degree of DNA relatedness, suggesting their conspecificity. Densitometric tracings of DNA bands provided an objective and standardized method for comparing bands within the gels.

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