The antimicrobial activities of aqueous and organic solvents (chloroform, ethanol and methanol) extracts of four plants Ceratophyllum demersum L., Eichhornia crassipes, Potamogeton crispus and Potamogeton pectinatus were tested in vitro against seventeen different microorganisms including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Nine of these identified organisms were obtained from different sources, Bacillus subtilis 1020, Bacillus cereus 1080, Staphylococcus aureus, Erwinia carotovora NCPPB 312, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium italicum. The other eight organisms were isolated from Manzalah lake water and identified using API 20E strip system (BioMereux). One hundred pathogenic bacterial isolates representing eight genera were identified to species level. These organisms are Escherichia coli (20%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14%), Salmonella colerasuis (13%), Shigella sp. (11%), Serratia liquefaciens (10%), Proteus vulgaris (9%) and Brenneria nigrifluens (7%). The extracts of all tested plants demonstrated antimicrobial activity against the used organisms. The efficiency of the extracts varied with, solvent used in the extraction as well as plant species and the part of plant used. The aqueous extract appeared to be the highly effective extract against all tested organisms especially Fusarium oxysporum causing inhibition zone 48 +/- 0.01 mm, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 59 +/- 0.02 mm and Salmonella cholerasuis 55 +/- 0.01 mm when using P. crispus, P. pectinatus and C. demersum, respectively. Ethanol extracts of C. demersum, P. crispus and E. crassipes root showed antimicrobial activities against all tested organisms except Aspergillus niger. At the same time the extract of P. pectinatus had no effect also on Fusarium oxysporum and the extract of E. crassipes leaves have no effect on Penicillium italicum. On using chloroform extracts Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium italicum showed resistance. Comparing the effect of different plants extracts C. demersum appeared to be the most effective followed by P. pectinatus. Furthermore, the extracts of E. crassipes leaves being more effective than that, of its roots. Elemental analysis were also takes place in water and plant samples and the results revealed the presence of Mn and Pb in higher concentration in P. pectinatus (Mn 603 +/- 4.243 ppm and Pb 44 +/- 2.828 ppm), at the same time the highest values of Fe 1680 +/- 2.2 ppm, Zn 31.5 +/- 2.1 ppm and Cu 26.5 +/- 2.1 ppm were recorded for C. demersum. Comparing the two parts of E. crassipes (leaves and roots), the roots have the highest values of all studied metals.

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Lake Bardawil represents a hyper-saline shallow (50-600 cm deep) water basin lying along the northern shore of Sinai. Surface water samples were collected monthly from this lake for physico-chemical and microbiological analysis. Seasonal variations in the averages of temperature, pH and transparency of the tested water samples were determined. Seasonal averages of the total bacterial counts at 22 and 37°C, biovolumes of cells and bacterial biomass of the lake's water at different regions were also determined. In addition to the gram-negative pathogen, Edwardsiella tarda, faecal contamination indicators, total coliforms, faecal coliforms and faecal streptococci were counted in the lake's water samples from various regions during different seasons. The number of actinomycetes per milliliter of the lake's water samples were determined. Fifteen actinomycetes were isolated and screened for their antibacterial activity against E. coli and pathogenic E. tarda isolated from the same water samples. Five isolates of these actinomycetes showed antibacterial activities and nine of them were identified as Streptomyces. The most antibacterially active isolate was subjected to morphological, physiological and biochemical studies and identified as Streptomyces viridiviolaceus. The identified organism exhibited antimicrobial activities against the main indicator of water pollution, E. coli, pathogenic E. tarda, Corynebacterium michiganese B-33, Pseudomonas solanacearum B-3212 and Staphylococcus. No antimicrobial activities were recorded against Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus, Mycobacterium, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, C. tropicalis or Rhizopus nigricans.

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S ix stations were chosen to represent the different micro-habitats along the southern part of Lake Manzala. In addition, two main drains, Bahr El-Baqar and Hadous were represented. Water and Bottom sediments were collected through four successive seasons (Autumn 1999-Summer 2000) for physico-chemical and bacteriological analyses. The results showed that water temperature recorded the lowest value during Winter, while it recorded the highest during Summer with an annual amplitude 14.8°C. The Lake is shallow with a depth ranging from 0.85-L31 m. The pH values were in the alkaline side. The water transparency fluctuated from 19.5-325 cm. The organic matter and organic carbon ranged from 5.28-8.71% and 3.06-5.06%, respectively. Bacteriological analysis showed that the highest counts of the studied bacteria were recorded in Bahr El-Baqar and Hadous Drains compared with Lake Manzala' stations.Conversly , the lowest counts of nitrifying bacteria were recorded in Bahr El-Baqar Drain and its discharge points. 264 Saleh A. Rabeh fish and an internationally important wintering area for waterbirds and staging area for migratory birds. Accordingly, the eastern part of the Lake (Ashtum El-Gamil) was declared as a Natural Protectorate in June 1988 fMeininger and Atta. 1990). Nitrogen is a vital clement in aquatic systems, accordingly, the nitrogen cycle occupies an important position among the biological processes acconplished in waters. On the other hand, distortions in the nitrogen cycle, resulting in the accumulation of certain toxic compounds, are one of the major causes of pollution (Rabeh, 1W3, 1996). Although considerable work was done on the role of bacteria in nitrogen cycle in Egyptian soils (

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