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The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the association between dementia and mortality among older adults with COVID-19. To do so, we conducted a search of 7 databases for relevant full-text articles. A cohort study and case-control study were included. A meta-analysis was performed to synthesize the pooled odds ratio with a random-effects model. We identified studies that reported mortality among older adults with dementia and non-dementia who have COVID-19. The pooled mortality rates of dementia and non-dementia older adults infected with COVID-19 were 39% (95% CI: 0.23 – 0.54%, I 2 = 83.48%) and 20% (95% CI: 0.16 – 0.25%, I 2 = 83.48%), respectively. Overall, dementia was the main factor influencing poor health outcomes and high rates of mortality in older adults with COVID-19 infection (odds ratio 2.96; 95% CI 2.00 – 4.38, I 2 = 29.7%), respectively. Our results show that older adults with dementia with COVID-19 infection have a higher risk of mortality compared with older adults without dementia. This current study further highlights the need to provide focused care to the older adults with dementia or cognitive impairment who have COVID-19.

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Aims and Objectives:Research examining the effectiveness of resistance band exercises for improving physical and psychological dimensions among frail older adults has been inconsistent. We aimed to examine the effects of resistance band exercises for improving outcomes in frail older adults. Background:To provide robust evidence regarding the effectiveness of resistance band exercises and explore other potential outcomes in frail older adults, a systematic review of RCTs remains necessary.Design: Systematic literature review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines.Methods: Four databases were searched. English language papers were retrieved from 2006 to 2020. Three reviewers reviewed the methodology of the selected studies using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for randomised controlled trials. The pooled standardised mean difference was calculated using a random-effects model.Heterogeneity among pooled studies was assessed using the τ 2 , Q and I 2 statistics, and publication bias was evaluated using Egger's test and the visual inspection of funnel plots.Results: A total of 15 studies met the eligibility criteria for this study. Overall, resistance band exercise reduced frailty after 24 weeks (SMD: −0.29; 95% CI: −0.55 to −0.03) and reduced depression after both 12 weeks (SMD: −0.19; 95% CI: −0.38 to −0.01) and 24 weeks (SMD: −0.30; 95% CI: −0.52 to −0.09). However, no significant effects were observed for frailty after 12 weeks, and no significant effects were observed for grip strength, leg strength, activities of daily living or quality of life at any time. Conclusion:Resistance band exercise might be considered a viable strategy for frail older adults in the community or in long-term care facilities. More research implementing a standardised protocol remains necessary to identify the effects of