Global prevalence of mental health problems among healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Saragih, Ita Daryanti; Tonapa, Santo Imanuel; Saragih, Ice Septriani; Advani, Shailesh; Batubara, Sakti Oktaria; Suarilah, Ira; Lin, Chia‐Ju

doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.104002

Cited by 257 publications

(292 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“… 20 The total depression subscale score was divided into normal (0–4), mild, 5 6 moderate, 7–10 severe 11–13 and extremely severe (14+). The total anxiety subscale score was divided into normal (0–3), mild, 4 5 moderate, 6 7 severe 8 9 and extremely severe (10+). The total stress subscale score was divided into normal (0–7), mild, 8 9 moderate, 10–12 severe 13–16 and extremely severe (17+).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent systematic review, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the pooled prevalence of anxiety, depression and distress among HCPs accounted to 40%, 37% and 37%, correspondingly. 8 According to a recent study including 1563 health professionals, more than half (50.7%) of the participants reported depressive symptoms, 44.7% experience anxiety and 36.1% have sleep disturbances. 9 During the initial outbreak of COVID-19, a survey was conducted in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and determinant factors of mental health problems among healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic in southern Ethiopia: multicentre cross-sectional study

et al. 2021

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ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress and its determinant factors during COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare professionals in southern Ethiopia.DesignMulti-centre cross-sectional study.Setting and study periodRandomly selected public hospitals in Sidama, southern Ethiopia between 25 September 2020 and 25 October 2020.Participants387 healthcare professionals were randomly selected.Outcome measuresPrevalence and determinant factors of depression, anxiety and stress was assessed.ResultDepression, anxiety and stress prevalence were shown to be 50.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 45.0% to 55.0%), 55.0% (95% CI 51.1% to 59.9%) and 38.5% (95% CI 33.6% to 43.2%), respectively. Being female (adjusted odd ratio (AOR) 3.71, 95% CI 2.31 to 5.97), married (AOR 2.28, 95% CI 1.34 to 3.86), living alone (AOR 1.87, 95% CI 1.09 to 3.20), nurses (AOR 2.94, 95% CI 1.44 to 5.99) and working in inpatients (AOR 0.53, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.93) were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Moreover, older age groups (AOR 3.15, 95% CI 1.04 to 6.56), females (AOR 3.25, 95% CI 2.01 to 5.25), married (AOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.87) and nurses (AOR 3.32, 95% CI 1.63 to 6.78) were significantly associated with symptoms of anxiety. Stress symptoms were significantly high among females (AOR 2.47, 95% CI 1.53 to 3.97), married (AOR 2.77, 95% CI 1.60 to 4.78), living alone (AOR 2.01, 95% CI 1.15 to 3.52), nurses (AOR 2.34, 95% CI 1.11 to 4.92) and working in units other than emergency (inpatient (AOR 0.32, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.57) and other units (AOR 0.48, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.95)).ConclusionThe current study found that healthcare professionals have high levels of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms. Sex, age, marital status, type of profession, living status and working environment were significant factors for mental health problems in healthcare professionals during the pandemic. Healthcare professionals require mental health support at which monitoring and control can be performed during and after the pandemic.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and determinant factors of mental health problems among healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic in southern Ethiopia: multicentre cross-sectional study

et al. 2021

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“…Studies have also reported depression prevalence among various cohorts including HCWs ( Matsumoto et al, 2021 ; Young et al, 2021 ), general population ( Liu et al, 2020 ; Veldhius et al, 2021), students ( Wu et al, 2021a ; Yadav et al, 2021 b), and further identified risk factors contributing to increased depression ( Tee et al, 2021 ; Wickens et al, 2021 ; Yan et al, 2021 ). Further, a search of the literature revealed meta-analytics indicating estimated pooled prevalence of depression of 22.8% among HCWs in Asian countries in May 2020 ( Pappa et al, 2020 ) whilst another review among global HCWs conducted in November 2020 reported a higher overall prevalence of depression of 40% ( Saragih et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 depression and its risk factors in Asia Pacific – A systematic review and meta-analysis

Balakrishnan

Seong

Kaur

et al. 2022

Journal of Affective Disorders

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“…Similar findings were subsequently reported in other countries [e.g., France ( Horn et al, 2021 ), Italy ( Lasalvia et al, 2020 ), Indonesia ( Setiawati et al, 2021 ), Turkey ( Şahin and Kulakaç, 2021 ), United States ( Forrest et al, 2021 )], highlighting an increase in anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among healthcare workers. A meta-analysis including 38 studies on mental health problems among healthcare workers during the pandemic has reported high prevalence rates for PTSD (49%), anxiety (40%), depression (37%), and distress (37%); these mental health issues particularly affected those working directly with COVID-19 patients ( Saragih et al, 2021 ). Indeed, front line healthcare workers are exposed to more stressors such as increased workload, elevated exposure to deaths and severe cases, risk of contamination and unpredictable working conditions ( Batra et al, 2020 ; Sun et al, 2021 ), which increase their risk of experiencing distress and burnout ( Jalili et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

My Health Too: Investigating the Feasibility and the Acceptability of an Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Program Developed for Healthcare Workers

et al. 2021

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Background: The COVID-19 crisis has had a considerable mental health impact on healthcare workers. High levels of psychological distress are expected to have a significant impact on healthcare systems, warranting the need for evidence-based psychological interventions targeting stress and fostering resilience in this population. Online cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has proved to be effective in targeting stress and promoting resilience. However, online CBT programs targeting stress in healthcare workers are lacking.Objective: The aim of our study is to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of an internet-based CBT intervention, the My Health Too program we developed during the first COVID-19 epidemic peak in France.Methods: We recruited 10 participants among Alsace region hospital staff during the first peak of the pandemic in France. They were given 1 week to test the website and were then asked to answer an internet survey and a semi-structured phone interview.Results: We conducted a thematic analysis of the content from the phone interviews. Major themes were identified, discussed and coded: the technical aspects, the content of the website and its impact on participants’ emotions and everyday life. Overall, the participants reported finding the website easy to use and interactive. They described the resources as easy to understand, readily usable, and useful in inducing calm and in helping them practice self-compassion.Conclusion: Our results suggest that the My Health Too online CBT program is highly feasible and acceptable to healthcare workers during the highly stressful times of the pandemic peak. The feedback provided helped to improve the program whose efficacy is to be tested.

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Global prevalence of mental health problems among healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 257 publications

References 73 publications

Prevalence and determinant factors of mental health problems among healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic in southern Ethiopia: multicentre cross-sectional study

Prevalence and determinant factors of mental health problems among healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic in southern Ethiopia: multicentre cross-sectional study

COVID-19 depression and its risk factors in Asia Pacific – A systematic review and meta-analysis

My Health Too: Investigating the Feasibility and the Acceptability of an Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Program Developed for Healthcare Workers

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