The focus in the present work was on the continuous β-carotene production from free fatty acids supplied by the soap stock as a sole carbon source for Rhodotorula rubra cells in an airlift bioreactor. The effects of dilution rate on the cell growth and β-carotene production were studied by both freely suspended-and immobilized-cell systems in the chemostat operations. The results showed that the immobilization of the cell on natural sponge of loofah significantly increased the optimum and maximum dilution rates from 0.0375 to 0.05 hr −1 and 0.055 to 0.150 hr −1 , respectively. The immobilization process has practical role in balancing of cell proliferation in the matrix and wash out the grown cells containing β-carotene from the bioreactor where β-carotene productivity was enhanced from 5.4 to 23.4 mg L −1 hr −1 using the immobilized cell technology.
Dionysia splendens Alipour, Mehregan & Lidén, sp. nov., from Fars, Iran, is a unique species that cannot be easily accommodated in any hitherto recognised section of the genus and is immediately recognised by its large flowers and pectinate leaves with very broad pale and thick midvein. It agrees with Dionysia cespitosa Duby (Boiss.) in the small flat leaves, stalked inflorescence with large bracts, and few large ellipsoid seeds, but differs in the tubular calyx and large purplish-blue corolla. It is also somewhat reminiscent of Dionysia viva Lidén & Zetterl. in growth habit and inflorescence structure, but that species has large irregularly dentate leaves, yellow corolla and numerous small angular seeds. Dionysia splendens is so far known from a single locality with c.200 mature individuals. An updated key to Dionysia species in the Zagros mountains is provided.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.