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Background. Hand hygiene is a cost-effective method in preventing infection transmission. Hand hygiene practices have been found to be faulty in most healthcare settings. We conducted a study to evaluate the awareness, and compliance of hand hygiene among undergraduate medical students during their clinical phase in Qassim College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia. Methods. A questionnaire based on World Health Organization's concept of “Five Moments for Hand Hygiene” was used to evaluate the awareness of the indications for hand hygiene and compliance was observed during Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) sessions. Sixty students including thirty-six males (60%) and twenty-four females (40%) participated voluntarily in the study. Results. The average awareness regarding the positive indications of hand hygiene was 56%. Rest of the 44% of students were either not sure or unaware of the indications of hygiene. Only 29% of students were able to identify all the five indications for hand hygiene in the questionnaire. Compliance as assessed during OSCE sessions was only 17% with no significant difference between the genders. Conclusion. It was concluded that serious efforts are needed to improve the hand hygiene practices among medical students.

Congenital midline swellings of nose are encountered rarely, and nasal gliomas constitute about 5% of such lesions. Various theories have been suggested to explain the pathogenesis. Imaging preferably by MRI is mandated to study the extent and to rule out intracranial extension. Treatment is complete excision, and the approach depends upon the extent of the lesion and availability of expertise. We present the management of one such case of congenital intranasal glioma without any intracranial extension that presented as a septal polyp.

IntroductionPenetrating hand injuries are common and improper assessment can result in missed foreign bodies. These bodies can result in a wide range of complications.AimThe aim of our study was to study the profile of patients reporting with missed foreign bodies in the hand.Materials and methodsAll the cases treated in the Department of Surgery, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (medical college), Kashmir, for missed foreign bodies in hands from June 2003 to May 2009 were studied retrospectively.ResultsA total of 61 cases with missed foreign bodies of different nature were treated over the period of six years. Wooden splinters were the most common foreign bodies missed. Preoperative localization was accomplished with plain radiographs and ultrasonograms. Most of the cases were treated on outpatient basis.ConclusionsForeign bodies should be suspected and ruled out in all cases of penetrating injuries of hands. Missed foreign bodies need to be removed after proper localization by imaging.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of pathogens isolated and also to determine the relationship between asymptomatic bacteriuria and pyuria. Methods: A total of 392 urine specimens were collected from 392 pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria attending different antenatal care clinics for regular perinatal care between April, 2007 and July, 2008. All specimens were processed using standard microbiological procedures. All the subjects were evaluated for bacteriuria. Results: The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was 6.1% among the pregnant women in Srinagar. From 92 (23.5%) patients who had ≥5 pus cells per high power field, only 15 (16.3%) had positive urine culture. E.coli (~71%) was the commonest causative agent of asymptomatic bacteriuria followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (~17%), group B Beta haemolytic Streptococcus (8.3%) and Proteus mirabilis (4.2%). Ciprofloxacin was found to be highly sensitive against all isolates. Conclusion: Screening of bacteriuria in pregnancy and proper treatment must be considered as an essential part of antenatal care in this community. To prevent asymptomatic bacteriuria complications, all pregnant women should be screened at the first antenatal visit. A negative test for pyuria is not a reliable

Congenital radial club hand (RCH) is an uncommon congenital anomaly characterized by various degrees of deficiency along the preaxial or radial side of the extremity. We present one such case of Type 4 congenital isolated RCH who presented to a tertiary care center in the Middle East.

Anal fissure is one of the most common anorectal diseases resulting from a longitudinal tear in anoderm under the dentate line. It causes painful defecation and bleeding per anum. Most of the fissures heal by conservative means but a significant proportion turns chronic leading to a negative impact upon the overall quality of life of a patient. The treatment options for chronic fissures are generally based on reducing the anal pressures and include non-surgical and surgical options. Lateral internal sphincterotomy still remains the gold standard for definitive management of anal fissure though anal incontinence is a serious complication of the procedure. In recent years, various modifications have evolved to minimize changes of incontinence besides the evolution of wide range of non-surgical options of management. This review outlines the key points in the clinical presentation, etio-pathogenesis, impact on quality of life and management of anal fissure in the light of the recent updates in literature.

<br><b>Introduction:</b> Fibroadenomas are one of the most common benign tumors of the breast in the adolescent females accounting for about 2/3^rd of all the breast lumps and more than half of all the biopsied breast lesions. They come into being due to overgrowth of glandular tissue under the influence of hormonal changes that the girls undergo at the time of puberty. Due to the wide prevalence of fibroadenomas and the psychosocial morbidity associated with the finding of a breast mass, it is imperative for physicians treating adolescent patients to be thoroughly familiar and updated with this disease. <br><b>Aim:</b> The article aims at providing a brief review of the classification, presentation, diagnosis, and update on the management of breast fibroadenomas on the basis of recent literature.