The tourism industry is considered most important aspect for the progress of the economy as well as enhancing employment rate of the country. Tourism sector comprises on different activities such as, hotels, restaurants, tour operators, transportation management and providing services to the local and foreign clients at their destinations. Furthermore, tourism industry is also very important to bring foreign currency in the country through the visitors which consequently enhance the foreign reserves. However, there is deficiency of prescribed rules and regulations for Pakistan tourism sector particularly environmental agreements and their enforcement consequently it creates many operational as well as market-based issues, hence drops the progress rate of this sector. Pakistan is also one of those countries where tourism business and services are being dealt without any proper regulatory system and it can further disturb the tourism investment by the Chinese or domestic investors under CPEC projects. There is strong connection between tourism business development and better logistics infrastructure and facilities of roads and railway sectors. This research article provides an analysis of tourism development in Pakistan through well planed physical infrastructure in order to get better results from tourism investments. In this article, authors adopt descriptive approach while providing the information and also explore the benefits and utilisation of CPEC overland logistics investment by the Chinese companies in tourism industry. There is an analytical jurisprudence approach is applied to highlight logistics benefits and preferences between China and Pakistan as well as the changes in environmental agreements. This study concludes that better logistics and transport infrastructure along with comprehensive environmental policies further accelerates tourism business with major trade markets in the country. Positive rearrangement of environmental agreements as well as logistics and transport is helpful to attract foreign investment in the tourism industry and particularly in areas which probably would have capacity to generate revenue. In this manner, tourism sector through developed connectivity and growth of infrastructure creates employment opportunities in the country.
Every country has its land policy system. Indonesia employs deeds registration which refers to the Basic Agrarian Law (BAL) and Malaysia uses a title registration system called the National Land Code (NLC). Indonesia has yet to complete its land registration mandate throughout the country since the mandate was officially introduced in the BAL 1960. While Malaysia has adopted a Torrens system concerning land matters, recognising that land registration is everything. The first part of the paper focuses on beneficial ownership, confidential land ownership data, identifying land registration constraints and strengthening land administration abilities, while the second part focuses on land registration as a legal instrument and land rights ownership affirmation. The main question in this research is to analyse whether the quantity, quality and legal certainty guarantees of land registration are strongly influenced by a well-organised land registration system. Indonesia and Malaysia are still addressing weaknesses in their respective land registration systems based on issues. There is a need for improvement of roles from two main stakeholders, namely the government’s role in streamlining administration and the role of community participation in supporting successful land registration. This paper will also provide recommendations for academicians, government/institutional leaders, and legislators to assess and continuously strengthen the BAL as the fundamental principle of land law in Indonesia, especially in its land registration system and legal certainty over land registration.
Perlembagaan Indonesia memberi kepastian terhadap hak pengagihan tanah atau dalam perundangan Indonesia disebut agraria yang merupakan hak asas bagi semua warganegara Indonesia. Pertikaian masalah tanah (agraria) masih kerap berlaku di dalam masyarakat yang menunjukkan sistem pengurusan pentadbiran tanah Indonesia memerlukan pindaan perundangan. Salah satu permasalahan pertikaian ini adalah disebabkan oleh pendaftaran tanah yang belum memberi kepastian, keadilan dan manfaat bagi masyarakat persekitaran mengenai hak memiliki tanah. Kajian ini memiliki matlamat untuk mengkaji kaedah yang mesti dipatuhi dengan mekanisma pendaftaran tanah di Indonesia sebagai usaha penyelesaian pertikaian tanah dalam masyarakat. Hasil kajian mendapati tiga faktor penting dalam kaedah pengurusan pendaftaran tanah di Indonesia yang memberi manfaat terhadap usaha penyelesaian pertikaian masalah berkenaan, iaitu (1) perlu menguatkan semula kekuasaan negara ke atas tanah atau dikenali Hak Menguasai Negara atas tanah di Indonesia, (2) Pembaharuan Sistem Pentadbiran tanah (agraria) sebagai kejayaan pendaftaran tanah dan (3) Pensijilan merupakan bukti kepastian memiliki ke atas tanah berdaftar.
The United Nations (UN) has undertaken several international efforts known as the sustainable development plan to preserve the right of development for future generations. This article presents a summary of the previous Millennium Development Goals 2015 (MDGs) that failed to include all people in the sustainability agenda, especially the vulnerable ones. As this situation has widened the society's gap, the new Sustainable Development Goals 2030 (SDGs 2030) aims to incorporate the concept of inclusiveness in the current development work. This article aims to highlight the challenges to materialize a successful inclusion in the SDGs 2030. It should be explored in more detail to ensure that it can be adequately addressed for the plan to succeed. This writing is based on a pure legal research framework using qualitative methods. Data were collected through library studies and analyzed critically using content analysis method. This paper identifies that stigma and discrimination, special privileges and lack of data are among the barriers in implementing the concept of inclusivity in the SDGs 2030. Therefore, the paper proposes that laws and policy must be established to support this cause. Besides that, the privileges granted must be balanced with assistance to the vulnerable people in order to achieve equality. As for data collection, countries all around the world must work hand in hand to continue making efforts in gathering comprehensive data of the vulnerable groups.
Migrant workers are the most vulnerable groups during the Covid-19 outbreak. The study aims to discuss the current legal framework governing migrant workers in Malaysia during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The discussion covers the effect of the Covid-19 Pandemic on migrant workers focusing on job termination and access to social security protection. It also makes recommendations on policy guidelines to ensure migrant worker’s safety against job termination and zero access to social security during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The study employed a doctrinal approach. It used primary and secondary data that included desktop research, with a particular emphasis on journals, documents, and official reports. Policymakers tended to neglect migrant workers during the pandemic because the migrant workers had less access to adequate security, particularly in terms of job termination and living conditions. The Covid-19 pandemic and the Movement Control Order imposed in Malaysia have affected migrant workers in various ways. It puts workers who are unable to work and who want to work in vital services in jeopardy. In conclusion, a national approach policy is impractical for migrant workers because the workers are short of access to social security and urgent assistance.
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