AbstrakMenurut sejarah, kanak-kanak jalanan ialah golongan yang wujud hasil daripada perkembangan teknologi secara pesat, sehingga menyebabkan berlakunya penghijrahan masyarakat dari kawasan pedalaman ke bandar besar. Namun demikian, atas beberapa faktor yang menggagalkan usaha untuk menaik taraf kehidupan mereka, akhirnya wujud golongan kanakkanak jalanan. Sehingga kini, isu kanak-kanak jalanan masih menemui jalan buntu. Selain masalah yang dihadapi oleh mereka dari aspek ekonomi, sosial dan persekitaran, hal utama yang mengusutkan lagi gejala ini ialah definisi sebenar istilah "kanak-kanak jalanan". Hal ini kerana, kanak-kanak jalanan terdiri daripada pelbagai kategori kumpulan kanakkanak yang berada di lorong-lorong jalan. Ketiadaan definisi muktamad bukan sahaja akan membantutkan pengumpulan data dan informasi lanjut kumpulan ini, malah turut menyukarkan saluran bantuan kepada mereka. Makalah ini membincangkan sejarah kewujudan golongan tersebut, definisi oleh beberapa penulis lain, gelaran bagi kanak-kanak
The United Nations (UN) has undertaken several international efforts known as the sustainable development plan to preserve the right of development for future generations. This article presents a summary of the previous Millennium Development Goals 2015 (MDGs) that failed to include all people in the sustainability agenda, especially the vulnerable ones. As this situation has widened the society's gap, the new Sustainable Development Goals 2030 (SDGs 2030) aims to incorporate the concept of inclusiveness in the current development work. This article aims to highlight the challenges to materialize a successful inclusion in the SDGs 2030. It should be explored in more detail to ensure that it can be adequately addressed for the plan to succeed. This writing is based on a pure legal research framework using qualitative methods. Data were collected through library studies and analyzed critically using content analysis method. This paper identifies that stigma and discrimination, special privileges and lack of data are among the barriers in implementing the concept of inclusivity in the SDGs 2030. Therefore, the paper proposes that laws and policy must be established to support this cause. Besides that, the privileges granted must be balanced with assistance to the vulnerable people in order to achieve equality. As for data collection, countries all around the world must work hand in hand to continue making efforts in gathering comprehensive data of the vulnerable groups.
Rapid urbanization in metropolitan areas resulted in a mounting number of slum dwellers such as street children, insufficient basic infrastructures, and services. Hence, the world pledges 'sustainable cities and communities' under the Sustainable Development Goals 2030, which aims to make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable for everyone. The objective becomes explicitly vital due to the spread of COVID-19, as over 90 per cent cases are befallen in urban areas. Slum neighborhoods areas are constituted as the most at-risk urban locations which recorded the highest numbers of infectious cases. Hence, this article summarizes SDG 11, focusing on Target 11.1 and Target 11.5 to guarantee access to adequate, safe, affordable housing and essential services for all humans and upgrading slums. Both targets aim to significantly reduce the number of deaths and people affected by direct economic loss due to disasters. The primary purposes of this paper are to explain the challenges faced by the children living in slums in exercising their human rights, particularly during the pandemic epoch and legal analysis on the Convention on the Rights of Child (CRC). This writing is socio-legal research using a qualitative approach. This paper infers that the survival of the children living in slums, particularly during this turbulent Coronavirus spread, SDG 11 is among the significant goals that need to be executed urgently. Thus, the paper proposes the world to adhere to the aspirations of SDG 11 to protect vulnerable groups, including children living in slums during this challenging period.
The world has passed the era of the conventional teaching method, which refers to eye-to-eye interaction where education is delivered through recitation and memorization techniques. These days, instead of passively receiving information and replicating it during assessments, students are involved in interactive sessions or spaced learning meant to develop their critical thinking, problemsolving and decision-making skills. The pedagogy is also substituted with the modern one, which involves technological gadgets and the internet. The primary purposes of this paper are to assess the legal recognition and essentialness of children's rights to the internet for educational purposes compared to the dilemma of crafting the right as a fundamental human freedom. The writing is based on sociolegal research using a qualitative approach. Data were collected through library studies and analyzed critically using the content analysis method. The paper concludes that the internet is the primary component of nowadays education, and it brings numerous benefits to children's development. Hence, it becomes essential for all children to access the global network and practice their fundamental human rights for development purposes. Thus, the paper proposes that in compliance with the current digital era, children's rights to the internet be legally recognized and regulated deliberately to support the education system and achieve the right objectives.
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