Background and Aim: Aflatoxins (AFs) are potent toxic metabolites produced from Aspergillus species. Whose existence in poultry ration leads to drastic economic losses, notably in duck, as the most susceptible poultry species. This study aimed to determine tissue residues of AFs, alterations in selected clinical chemistry variables in serum, mainly during the exposure period, and lycopene and silymarin's possible roles as herbal treatments against aflatoxicosis in Pekin duckling. Materials and Methods: The study used one hundred and twenty one-day-old Pekin ducklings and classified them into four groups comprising 30 ducklings in each group. The control group (G1) ducklings were fed a mycotoxin-free ration, and G2 received a naturally contaminated ration with 30 ppb of AFs. G3 and G4 consumed contaminated rations with AFs with 30 ppb for 2 weeks and were treated with lycopene 100 mg/kg or silymarin 600 mg/kg/food, respectively, for 10 days. Serum activities of alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamyl transferase, ALP, total protein and albumin creatinine and uric acid concentrations, oxidant/antioxidant parameters (malondialdehyde [MDA], total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and catalase [CAT]), and hepatic AFs residue were determined. Lycopene and silymarin were used for the treatment of aflatoxicosis for another 10 days. Results: Hepatic and kidney parameters were elevated in the AFs intoxicated group and reduced in the lycopene- and silymarin-treated groups. They had elevated MDA and AFs residues with decreased antioxidant parameters (TAC, GST, and CAT) in the AFs group. At the same time, treatment with lycopene or silymarin had reversed the action of AFs on MDA, elevated the hepatic residue, and improved antioxidant activity. Conclusion: Lycopene and silymarin, with their potent antioxidant activity, can be used to reverse the harmful effects of AFs on hepatic and kidney tissue.
In general, the glyphosate-based herbicide is used in different agriculture practices, fishponds, lakes, canals, and slow running water to get rid of harmful plants. The toxic effect of glyphosate on aquatic and non-aquatic organism
This study intended to evaluate the beneficial protective effects of sesame oil (SO) on cypermethrin (CYP)-induced sub chronic toxicity in rabbits. Male rabbits were divided into 4 groups: I: control; II: Cypermethrin (CYP, 48 mg/kg body weight, bw); III: CYP (48 mg/kg bw)+SO (1 ml/kg bw); and IV: SO (1 ml/kg bw). All treatments were orally administered three times per week for 9 weeks. CYP induced toxic effects on liver and kidney as revealed by a significant increase in serum liver enzyme activities with a significant decrease in total protein and albumin in addition to a significant increase in creatinine and uric acid levels. The effect of CYP on male fertility was demonstrated by a significant decrease in testis and epididymis weights, epididymis sperm counts, sperm motility with a significant increase in sperm abnormalities. Besides, a significant decrease in testosterone levels along with a significant increase in prolactin levels. CYP induced oxidative stress distinguished by a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in addition to a significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Also, CYP produced a significant increase in sperm DNA damage. Co-treatment of SO with CYP improved all alterations induced by CYP. In conclusion SO has beneficial protective effects as it tends to dampen CYP sub chronic toxicity in male rabbit.Key words: sesame oil; cypermethrin; oxidative stress; male fertility; rabbit
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