In this study 70 samples were collected from 14-26 weeks old egg laying hens. Clinical signs of infected chickens characterized by lameness, swelling in hock joint. Samples include blood for preparation of serum also hock joints and tendon for virus isolation. Hyperimmune sera was prepared by injection of broiler chickens four times with vaccine strain Reo 1133 R 0.2 ml subcutaneously in the neck. Samples were processed and prepared for virus isolation by using 6 days old embryonated chicken egg which was inoculated in yolk sac four passages. Lesions in egg embryo was recorded for each passage then the isolates were diagnosed by using neutralization test using convalescent and hyperimmune sera. Clinical signs of infected birds characterized by swelling and enlargement and edema of hock joint, postmortem lesions revealed swelling and injury in tendon, ulceration and erosions in cartilage and discoloration in synovial fluid, hemorrhage in the leg and yellow necrotic foci in the liver, the result of virus cultivation in embryonated chicken egg show dwarfism in growth, death of embryo with subcutaneous hemorrhage, initiated in 2 nd passage and subsequent passages, this lesion increase in severity with progress of passages and with decrease in death time in hours and increase in titer of virus particles. The virus titer was decreased when neutralized by using neutralization test it gives 22 isolates were positive from 34 isolates.
Schmallenberg virus is an emergent disease which infect cattle, sheep and goats which cause loss of condition, diarrhea, and abortion in pregnant animals, so this study was conducted to detect the antibodies in imported calves by using cELISA, so 400 blood samples was collected calves in different ages and healthy status in a period between October 2018 to September 2019 in Nineveh province, the investigation of specific antibodies was done by competitive Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay, the results showed that the prevalence of Schmallenberg virus in imported calves was 21% (84 positive from 400 samples), high prevalence of infection in the animals more than 6 months to 1 year old 11.5% when compare with animals less than 6 months of age 9.5%, high incidence of infection in animals suffer from various clinical signs 17% and the healthy apparent animals recorded low prevalence of infection 4%, samples which collected in spring months recorded high prevalence of infection 7.5% while the lowest prevalence of infection with the virus recorded in winter months 2%, with significant variance in spring and summer months compared with other seasons, in conclusion this study was conducted that schmallenberg virus is newly emerge in Iraq and this study is firstly recorded this virus in cattle in Iraq.
A total of 200 samples were collected from the calves for different ages from local and exotic breed by using nasal swabs, to investigate the prevalence of the bovine adenoviruses. The results showed that about 44% of the examined calves gave positive to immunofluorescence test, and the calves aged 6-9 months showed highly significant prevalence compare with other ages. The prevalence of virus infection in the exotic breed was 50.3% compared with local breed 22.2%. The calves with respiratory affections showed a higher prevalence from those which seem to be healthy. The current study concluded that the bovine adenovirus-type 3-virus has an effect on the breeding of calves in Nineveh Governorate.
In order to investigate seroprevalence Bovine Herpesvirus-1-antibodies in dairy cattle farms in Syria , 230 serum samples were collected from cattle. The age , sex and relationship with percentage of infection with Bovine herpesvirus-1-were studied by using Competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant assay (cELISA) and Neutralization test(NT).The total percentage of seropostive cattle was 45.21% by using cELISA ,while the lowest percentage was recorded 36.09% by using NT . The results indicated the high infection were found in Gub Ramla 60% ,while the lowest percentage was detected in Zerba 30% by using both tests . Results showed high percentage of acute infection in the age less than 6 months to both sex, while the high percentage of chronic infection recorded in female (2<-4 years) .No chronic infection recorded in young both sex calves .High percentage of acute infection detected in Jourin , while high percentage of chronic infection recorded in Gub Ramla .Comparison between the two tests used in this study , Showed that high percentages of infection in cELISA ,while in NT recorded less percentages. The high percentage of infection appear in cattle aborted in 2 nd trimester of pregnancy when compared with other ones , high percentage were recorded in cattle which suffer from reproductive disorders . The high percentage of infection with Bovine herpesvirus-1-recorded in animals which suffer from respiratory signs ,while the lowest infection rate recorded in healthy one ,without any significant of variance.
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