Background: Pregnancy is an important time in a woman's life with many complex physiological changes that may occur. These changes may negatively affect their oral health. The study aimed to assess oral health knowledge, attitude and reported practices among pregnant women in Assiut Governorate.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. A structured interview questionnaire was used; included two tools: Tool (I); part (1) personal data, part (2): assessment of knowledge about oral health, part (3): reported practices of oral health and tool (II): included pregnant women attitude toward oral health.Results: the study revealed that: 79.7% of the interviewed women were aged ≤30 years, 82.5% of them were from rural area. Illiterate women represented 33.2% of the studied group. 85.5% of the pregnant women were housewives. Positive attitude toward oral hygiene was significantly higher among urban, educated, working and primigravidae (p=0.007, 0.03, <0.0001 and 0.04 respectively). Practices of daily cleaning of the teeth was higher among urban than rural residents (79.7% versus 46.8% respectively), university educated (89.3%) than other groups, and working women than housewives (84.9% versus 47.1%)with statistical significant difference while neither age nor number of pregnancies affected daily teeth cleaning.Conclusions: Being highly educated, working and of urban residence positively affected both the oral hygiene attitude and practices among interviewed pregnant women.

Background & Objective(s): Emotional and behavioral problems among adolescents represent a considerable public health problem in developing countries. These problems are considered a source of stress for adolescents as well as their families, schools and community. Emotional health and wellbeing of young people have implications on their self-esteem, behavior, school attendance, educational achievement, social cohesion and future health and life chances. To estimate the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems and to determine the association between these problems and socio-demographic variables among adolescent students in Assiut district. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in randomly selected secondary schools (2 urban and 2 rural) in Assiut district, and 400 students were included in the study. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect study data which included: personal data, socioeconomic status scale and self-reported version of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) (Arabic version) which included 25 items divided into 5 subscales (conduct problems, hyperactivity, emotional symptoms, peer problems and prosocial behavior) Results: About 45 % of adolescents were identified with emotional and/or behavioral problems using the SDQ. These problems included conduct, emotional, peer problems, prosocial and hyperactivity difficulties (36.0%, 42.3%, 5.0%, 28.5% and 24.8% respectively). Emotional difficulties were significantly higher (p value= 0.02) among females (40.4%), while conduct difficulties were more prevalent among males (47.5%). The majority of students with emotional/ behavioral problems (90%) reported high negative impact of such problems that was significantly associated with female sex, rural residents, students of low socioeconomic level and whose mothers were housewives. Conclusion: Screening secondary school adolescents in Assiut district revealed high prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems that was associated with perceived enormous negative impact. Further studies and intervention programs are greatly needed to address adolescent mental health needs.

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Background: Workers in sugar mills are exposed to occupational hazards as accidents, bagassosis and hearing loss in many manufacture parts of the sugar production. The aim of the study: to assess knowledge of workers regarding their occupational hazards at Sugarcane Factory Methods: Cross sectional research design was used in this study. It conducted at Sugarcane Factory. The total number of the studied sample was 541 workers; Simple random sample was used. Tools of the study: self-administrated questionnaire was used which included personal data, questions to determine their occupational hazards and knowledge of workers regarding occupational hazards Results: The mean age of workers was 45.74 ± 8.44, 62.1% of them had secondary education and 76.7% of them had >10 years of experience. According to their occupational hazard, 68.2% of workers had back pain, 63.2% complained from nervousness. According to their knowledge about occupational hazards, 71.2% of workers had poor knowledge. Also, there is statistically significant relationship between knowledge and their educational level (P value = 0.037). Conclusion:Almost of workers had poor of knowledge about occupational hazards also; the occupational hazards were prevalent among them. Recommendations: Training and health education programs should be implemented to increase workers' knowledge about occupational health hazard in sugarcane factory.

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Background: Phenylketonuria is an inherited autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that causes elevated blood phenylalanine concentrations. Aim of the study: To assess knowledge, attitude and reported practices of mother with phenylketonuria children at Hereditary Guideline Center in Assiut Governorate. Methods: Descriptive research design was used in this study. The total sample number of the studied sample was 360 mothers. Convenience sample was used Tools of the study: personal interview questionnaire which included Part (1) socio-demographic, Part (2) questions to determine knowledge, Part (3) attitude and Part(4) reported practices for mothers of phenylketonuria children. was used Results: slightly more two fifths (42.8%) of mothers aged 30->40 years, 31.7% of them had secondary education and 52.5% of them had low social class. According to their knowledge, 18.3% of the studied mothers had good knowledge regarding phenylketonuria, while 40% of them had fair knowledge and 41.7% had poor knowledge. Moreover, 81.4% of mothers had negative attitude toward phenylketonuria, and 76.1% of them had unsatisfactory practice. Conclusion: Most of the studied mothers had Poor knowledge, negative attitude and unsatisfactory practices Recommendations: Health education programs regarding phenylketonuria should be provided for mothers to improve their knowledge, attitude and practice.

Background: Varicose veins are chronic venous disorder described as enlarged, twisted, superficial veins caused by incompetent venous valves. It affects the lower limbs and quality of life of patients negatively. Aim: to determine the prevalence of varicose veins among secondary schools' teachers at Assiut Governorate. Methods: Descriptivecross sectional research design had been used. The study was conducted at 4 districts which were randomly selected by using simple random sample to select the schools (3 schools in each district). The total number of the study sample was 500 teachers. Tools: -Three tools were used; the first tool was a structured self-administered questionnaire for demographic data, medical history, and risk factors. The second tool Venous Insufficiency Epidemiological and Economic Studysymptoms (VEINES-Sym) questionnaire. The third tool was clinical examination and Arterial color coded duplex scanning. Results: Prevalence of varicose veins among secondary schools' teachers in Assiut Governorate was 25.6%, 62.5% of them are females while 37.5% are males. Conclusion Varicose veins were widely spread among secondary schools' teachers in Assiut Governorate. Recommendations Health education program is very useful to prevent varicose veins and its complications.

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