Cystic echinococcosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease, represents a threat for livestock and humans, manifests as a quiescent, subclinical and chronic hydatid cyst infection. The disease imposes high expenditures and economic losses in medical and veterinary. Prophylactic vaccination would be one of the effective preventive health care against echinococcosis. During the last decades, many studies have characterized the protective antigens of Echinococcus granulosus and their role in immunization of various animal host species. Herein, we aimed to systematically evaluate and represent the best antigens as possible vaccine candidates for cystic echinococcosis.Data were systematically searched from five databases including ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect and Web of Science, up to 1 February 2020. Two reviewers independently screened and assessed data extraction and quality assessment. A total of 47 articles were eligible for inclusion criteria in the current study. The most common antigens used for vaccination against E. granulosus were EG95 and antigen B.Freund's adjuvant and Quil A have been predominantly utilized. In addition, regarding the antigen delivery, animal models, measurement of immune responses and reduction in hydatid cyst have been discussed in the text. The data demonstrated that DNA vaccines with antigen B and recombinant protein vaccines based on EG95 antigen have the best results and elicited protective immune responses.
IntroductionPeripheral neuropathy is a dose-limiting adverse effect of oxaliplatin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the e cacy and safety of duloxetine in the prevention of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN).
MethodCancer patients receiving oxaliplatin chemotherapy were randomized into two arms. Duloxetine 60 mg capsule was given in the rst 14 days of each chemotherapy cycle to one arm and placebo was similarly given to another arm. We compared the two arms based on the incidence of neuropathy and the results of the nerve conduction study.
ResultsThirty two patients were randomized to duloxetine and placebo arms. Most of the patients had rectal cancer (90.6%). Compared with the placebo arm, patients in the duloxetine arm had a lower percentage of chemotherapy cycles (mean) in which they reported distal paresthesia (84% vs. 51%, P = 0.01) and throat discomfort (69% vs. 37%, P = 0.01). There was no difference in the percentage of cycles in which patients reported cold-induced dysesthesia. Highest grade of neuropathy in each cycle was not signi cantly different between the two arms. Six weeks after the last cycle of chemotherapy, nerve conduction velocity was signi cantly higher in duloxetine arm compared to the placebo arm in the deep peroneal nerve and tibial nerve. Duloxetine was safe and well-tolerated.
ConclusionIn spite of small sample size, results of this study suggests potential e cacy of duloxetine in the prevention of OIPN, as indicated by objective measures of neurotoxicity and some patient-reported symptoms.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.