Current situation and future prospects of
            <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i>
            vaccine candidates: A systematic review

Anvari, Davood; Rezaei, Fatemeh; Ashouri, Alireza; Rezaei, Saeid; Majidiani, Hamidreza; Pagheh, Abdol Sattar; Shariatzadeh, Seyyed Ali; Fotovati, Amir; Siyadatpanah, Abolghasem; Gholami, Shirzad; Ahmadpour, Ehsan

doi:10.1111/tbed.13772

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 111 publications

(124 reference statements)

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“…Cystic echinococcosis (CE), also known as hydatid disease, is a worldwide chronic parasitic disease, threatening the health of livestock and humans [ 1 ]. Humans are exposed to the eggs of Echinococcus granulosus after close contact with infected livestock or contaminated food [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the limitations of current diagnostic and therapeutic measures, numerous studies have been carried out in the field of immunology associated with E. granulosus infection in the hope of developing vaccines [ 6 , 7 ]. Vaccination would be an effective preventive healthcare measure against echinococcosis [ 1 , 8 ]. Due to the complicated host-parasite relationship [ 9 ], there is still no commercial vaccine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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lncRNA028466 regulates Th1/Th2 cytokine expression and associates with Echinococcus granulosus antigen P29 immunity

et al. 2021

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Background Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a parasitic disease that is caused by Echinococcus granulosus (Eg). The recombinant Echinococcus granulosus antigen P29 (rEg.P29) was shown to confer effective immunity to sheep and mice during E. granulosus secondary infection in our previous study. In this study, we sought to investigate the ability of long noncoding RNA 028466 (lncRNA028466) as a regulator for the protective immunity mediated by rEg.P29 vaccination and to study the effects of lncRNA028466 on CD4+T cell differentiation in mice spleen. Methods Female BALB/c mice were divided into two groups and were vaccinated subcutaneously with rEg.P29 antigen and PBS as a control (12 mice each group). Following prime-boost vaccination, CD4+T, CD8+T, and B cells from the spleen were isolated by flow cytometry. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to measure the expression of lncRNA028466 in these three kinds of cells. Then, lncRNA028466 was overexpressed and knocked down in naive CD4+T cells, and Th1 and Th2 cytokine expression was detected. qRT-PCR, western blot, and ELISA were performed to evaluate the production of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10, and flow cytometry was performed to detect the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 subgroups. Results lncRNA028466 was significantly decreased after the second week of immunization with rEg.P29 antigen. The proportion of CD4+ T cells was increased after rEg.P29 immunization. Overexpression of lncRNA028466 facilitated the production of IL-4, IL-10 and suppressed the production of IFN-γ, IL-2. Furthermore, after transfection with siRNA028466, IL-2 production was facilitated and IL-10 production was suppressed in naive CD4+ T cells. Conclusions Immunization with rEg.P29 downregulated the expression of lncRNA028466, which was related to a higher Th1 immune response and a lower Th2 immune response. Our results suggest that lncRNA028466 may be involved in rEg.P29-mediated immune response by regulating cytokine expression of Th1 and Th2.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

lncRNA028466 regulates Th1/Th2 cytokine expression and associates with Echinococcus granulosus antigen P29 immunity

et al. 2021

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“…Vaccination is not a highly effective method for the control of CHD. Although in silico and in vivo studies are being conducted to design vaccines against this parasite [ 7 ], to date, there is no appropriate human vaccine against the disease [ 8 , 9 ]. The animal EG95 recombinant vaccine was used for vaccination of sheep against hydatid cyst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scolicidal and Apoptotic Activities of 5-hydroxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone as a Potent Agent against Echinococcus granulosus Protoscoleces

et al. 2021

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Cystic hydatid disease (CHD) is a zoonotic disease with different clinical stages caused by the larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. It is important to highlight as a public health problem in various regions of the world. In the current study, the efficacy and apoptotic activity of the liposomal system containing juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) were assessed against protoscoleces (PSCs) in vitro. To this aim, firstly, liposomal vesicles were prepared by the thin-film method. Their physico-chemical features were assessed using Zeta-Sizer and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Subsequently, various concentrations (50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 μg/mL) of juglone nanoliposomes at different exposure times (15, 30, 60, and 120 min) were used against PSCs. Results showed that juglone nanoliposomes at all tested concentrations induced scolicidal effect, however, 800 μg/mL and 400 μg/mL of juglone nanoliposomes could reach 100% mortality in 60 and 120 min, respectively. Additionally, we found that caspase-3 mRNA expression was higher in PSCs treated with juglone nanoliposomes compared to control groups (p < 0.001). Therefore, juglone nanoliposomes are suggested to have a more potent apoptotic effect on PSCs. Generally, optimized doses of juglone nanoliposomes could display significant scolicidal effects. Moreover, further in vivo studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of this nanoliposome.

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“…Background CE, also named hydatid disease, is a worldwide chronic parasitic disease, threatening the health of livestock and humans [1]. Human beings are exposed to the eggs of E. granulosus after close contact with infected livestock or contaminated food [2,3].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the limitations of current diagnostic and therapeutic measures, a mass of research has been done in the eld of immunology associated with E. granulosus infection in the hope of developing future vaccines [7,8]. Vaccination would be one of the effective preventive healthcare against echinococcosis [1,9]. Due to the complicated host-parasite relationship [10], there is still no commercialized vaccine.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

lncRNA028466 Regulates Th1/Th2 Cytokines Expression and Associated with Echinococcus Granulosus Antigen P29 Immunity

Wang

Yang

Niu

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a parasite disease that was caused by Echinococcus granulosus (Eg). The recombinant Echinococcus granulosus antigen P29 (rEg.P29) has been shown to conferred effective immunity to sheep and mice during Echinococcus granulosus secondary infection in our previous study. In our study, we strove to research the ability of Long noncoding RNA 028466 (lncRNA028466) as a regulator for the protective immunity mediated by rEg.P29 vaccination and studied the effects of lncRNA028466 on CD4+T cells differentiation in mice spleen.Methods: Female BALB/c mice were divided into two groups and were vaccinated subcutaneously with rEg.P29 antigen and PBS as a control (12 mice each group). Following prime-boost vaccination, CD4+T, CD8+T，and B cells from the spleen were isolated by flow cytometry. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to measure the expression of lncRNA028466 in these three kinds of cells. Then, lncRNA028466 was over-expressed and knock-downed. Furthermore, were d by qRT-PCR and ELISA were performed to evaluate the production of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10, as well as was flow cytometry was performed to detect the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 subgroups. Results: lncRNA028466 was significantly decreased after the second-week of immunization with rEg.P29 antigen. The proportion of CD4+T cells was increased after rEg.P29 immunization. Subsequent overexpression and knockdown of lncRNA028466 in naive CD4+T cells were performed to detect changes in Th1 and Th2 cytokines expression. Overexpression of lncRNA028466 facilitated the production of IL-4, IL-10 and suppressed the production of IFN-γ, IL-2. Furthermore, after transfection with siRNA028466, IL-2 production was facilitated and IL-10 production was suppressed in naive CD4+T cells.Conclusions: Immunization with rEg.P29 down-regulated the expression of lncRNA028466, which was related to a higher Th1 immune response, a higher Th2 immune response with lncRNA028466 overexpression, a higher IL-2 mRNA expression, and a lower IL-10 mRNA expression with lncRNA028466 knockdown. Our results suggest that lncRNA028466 may be involved in rEg.P29-mediated immune response by regulating cytokines expression of Th1 and Th2.

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Current situation and future prospects of Echinococcus granulosus vaccine candidates: A systematic review

Cited by 18 publications

References 111 publications

lncRNA028466 regulates Th1/Th2 cytokine expression and associates with Echinococcus granulosus antigen P29 immunity

lncRNA028466 regulates Th1/Th2 cytokine expression and associates with Echinococcus granulosus antigen P29 immunity

Scolicidal and Apoptotic Activities of 5-hydroxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone as a Potent Agent against Echinococcus granulosus Protoscoleces

lncRNA028466 Regulates Th1/Th2 Cytokines Expression and Associated with Echinococcus Granulosus Antigen P29 Immunity

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