Banerjee S S, Verma S & Shanks J H 
(2004) Histopathology44, 2–8 
Morphological variants of plasma cell tumours

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Introduction Oral squamous cell carcinoma, the fifth most common cancer worldwide, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in India. It most commonly occurs in middle-aged and older individuals. Typically, they tend to be preceded by a premalignant state for a long time. The present study evaluates the clinicopathological profile of patients with oral lesions and the role of malpractices that promote carcinogenesis in the oral mucosa and the use of Ki-67 as an important predictor of the same. Materials and methods The expression of Ki-67 was studied in paraffin-embedded tissue sections of oral lesions of all the cases after taking a detailed history and examination. Results The study was conducted on 65 patients with 25 dysplastic and 40 malignant lesions. Males were affected more frequently than females. The most common age group affected was 31 to 60 years with mean age of 45.4 years. Anterior twothird of tongue (41%) was the most commonly affected site. 95% of the patients had a history of addiction in form of smoking, tobacco chewing and betel nut. Out of 25 cases of dysplasia, 11 showed low expression while out of 40 cases of squamous cell carcinoma only three showed low and 29 showed high expression of Ki-67. Conclusion The expression of Ki-67 correlates well with the disease progression from dysplasia to carcinoma of the oral cavity. It is therefore a marker of malignant transformation and carcinogenesis in oral premalignant lesions and in future it may serve as a prognostic tool in the early detection of malignancy. How to cite this article Maheshwari V, Sharma SC, Narula V, Verma S, Jain A, Alam K. Prognostic and Predictive Impact of Ki-67 in Premalignant and Malignant Squamous Cell Lesions of Oral Cavity. Int J Head Neck Surg 2013;4(2):61-65.

INTRODUCTION Tobacco use is a major causative factor for cancer. Cessation programs along with diagnosis of cancer as a motivating factor may improve quitting rates in patients. This is a protocol of a study that aims to assess the efficacy of brief tobacco cessation intervention (compared to treatment as usual, TAU) on pattern and attitudes towards tobacco chewing in newly diagnosed head and neck cancer patients and their relatives. METHODS The proposed study will be conducted in two phases. Phase 1 will include 105 dyads of patients and relatives and shall assess patterns (amount, frequency, duration of use and dependence etc.) and knowledge and attitudes (quitting, continued use, health-behavioural modifications, long-term effects on treatment etc.) towards tobacco chewing in newly diagnosed head and neck cancer patients using smokeless tobacco and their relatives. Sample will be recruited from outpatients attending the ear, nose, throat and head and neck surgery department of a tertiary health care institute. Phase 2 will be a randomized trial that will compare the efficacy of the 'Brief Intervention for Tobacco when Diagnosed with Oral Cancer' (BITDOC) and TAU, and will include 27 dyads in each of the two groups. Intervention will be delivered in three sessions, based on the principles of motivational interviewing and the 3As model. CONCLUSIONS This study will help in the evaluation of the attitude towards smokeless tobacco (SLT) in a population that has faced the adverse consequences from its use and changes brought by a diagnosis of HNC. It will also help in developing a cost-effective model for promotion of smoking cessation.

BACKGROUNDThe estimated annual burn incidence in India is approximately 6-7 million per year. Burn injury is a common but preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in India. In patients of epilepsy, the burn injury is far more severe than the any other comorbidities. MATERIALS AND METHODSThis study design was a retrospective-descriptive study which was conducted in burn unit of MY Hospital, Indore with intention of identifying the risk factors for burn injury in epileptic patients. Study was conducted over a period of six years from the

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is a major health problem worldwide. CRC remains in the top three of all cancer deaths and after its diagnosis and treatment the quality of life in patient of colorectal carcinoma is major morbidity issue worldwide, but the neoadjuvant treatment has come to overcome this morbidity in population. The aim of this review is to discuss important issues surrounding rectal cancer including its surgical and medical management with respect to quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life in carcinoma rectum patients undergoing recent management with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in MY Hospital and Cancer Hospital, Indore from Oct. 2011 to Sep. 2015. MATERIALS AND METHODS 40 patients were treated with only surgical management and 26 patients were treated with neoadjuvant treatment followed by surgery retrospectively and prospectively followed up. All patients were treated in curative attempt. Quality of life was assessed 6 months after the surgery using anonymous questionnaire. RESULTS Main effect on the factors for the variables Physical function, Role function, Emotional function, Cognitive function and Social function show significant improvement in Neoadjuvant group. Both groups showed a major difference in Role function and a consistent increase in Emotional well-being and Social functioning perspective across the time of the study. CONCLUSION Based on the results of earlier studies of QoL cases undergoing Neoadjuvant treatment versus Non-Neoadjuvant and our own findings, we deduced that cases undergoing Neoadjuvant treatment do have some restriction in their post-treatment QoL such as nausea, vomiting and financial difficulties. Otherwise, their quality of life is better than patient not undergoing Neoadjuvant treatment and equally important is the fact that cases undergoing Neoadjuvant treatment have more benefit in QoL as better surgical correction and post-operative disease free survival is the most important outcome of our study.

Introduction: Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) presents with spectrum of clinical manifestations and awareness regarding this amongst physicians is crucial. The study aimed to chronicle the clinical profile of DKA in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) children. Methods: The study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital including patients with signs and symptoms of DKA with either debut or established T1DM (n = 38). Detailed clinical history, examination and laboratory investigations were carried out. Differences in frequency distribution concerning demographics and clinical data were analysed in R-studio software (v.1.2.5001). Results: Kussmaul breathing (49.97%) was the commonest presentation. Infection (39.46%) and poor compliance due to inadvertent omission of insulin therapy (50%) were the commonest precipitating factors. Mild, moderate and severe dehydration was present in 44.74%, 39.47% and 15.79% respectively. Forty-five percent patients had moderate while 34.21% and 21.05% had mild and severe DKA respectively. Seventy-five percent and 52% patients were below 3rd percentile for height and weight respectively. High number of patients had past history of viral infections, were diagnosed in winter, belonged to 2nd or 3rd birth order and from lower middle class. Patients with poor compliance to insulin belonged to lower middle (40%), upper lower (53.33%) and lower class (6.67%). Conclusions: DKA can be diagnosed early by identifying dehydration, Kussmaul breathing, polyuria and altered sensorium. Infection and poor compliance due to omission of insulin therapy were the commonest and preventable precipitating factor for DKA. Poor compliance to insulin can be attributed to lower socioeconomic class. Awareness among physicians concerning clinical profile of DKA is crucial.