Background: Escherichia coli is the commonest organism causing urinary tract infection in women and children especially in those with uncom- plicated infections. It has been traditionally described Serotypes of Escherichia coli were consistently associated with Uropathogenicity and designated as Uropathogenic Escherichia coli.It is now recognized that a subset of fecal Escherichia coli can be colonized in the peri-urethral area, enter the urinary tract and cause symptomatic disease. These are currently defined as Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. The aims & objectives are to the isolation of Escherichia coli in Urinary tract infection. 2. To determine the prevalence of Serum resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. 3. To compare antimicrobial efficacy in Serum resistant and Serum sensitive Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Subjects & Methods: An observational study was conducted on 100 patients and urine samples collected from suspected and suffering from urinary tract infection. Study period from August 2018 to July 20019 attending General medicine OP in Hospital. Escherichia coli were isolated and identified by conventional techniques Mackie & Mc Cartney. The strains were subjected to multiple drugs to study serum resistance and sensitivity. Results: From 100 urine samples 71 Uropathogenic, 18 males & 53 females. 40% Sero-resistant and 60% Sero-sensitive among them 2 to 18 years males and > 40 years females resistant, above 40 years males and 19 to 40 years females are sensitive to multiple antibiotics. Conclusion: it emphasizes Serum resistance is an important virulence factor, It may lead to pyelonephritis and septicemia. Serum resistant E. coli are multiple drug-resistant, so the present study formulating guidelines for planning effective treatment and Periodic surveillance to monitor resistance.
Aims of the study are to detect biofilm producing Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from various clinical specimens. Total 73 Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates were collected from clinical samples like blood, post-operative wound swabs, IV catheter tips, catheterized urine, and exudates received from various clinical departments. The study was carried out over a period of one year. The specimens received were processed by conventional methods. Tissue Culture plate method was used for detection of biofilm. IV catheter tip samples revealed 25%, implant device associated infections revealed 20%, the Catheterized urine samples showed 17%, blood culture 6%, ventilator associated infections 20%, post-operative wound infections 13.29% and exudates 3.33% of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates. Isolates with O. D. values more than 0.2 were considered as high biofilm producers. 52.1% of S. epidermidis isolates were weak biofilm producers, 24.66% were moderate biofilm producers and 20.54% were high biofilm producers. Isolates from IV catheter tips showed high biofilm formation. Increase in use of implant devices, unnecessary and prolonged use of urinary catheter and IV catheters can lead to biofilm formation which pose difficulty in treating and eradicating them.
BACKGROUND Use of antibiotics in sore throat is now getting out of hand as it has become very common to prescribe antibiotics for every sore throat patient. This has now led to increased antibiotic resistance in India. We wanted to evaluate proper use of antibiotics in cases of sore throat. METHODS A prospective study was done in 261 patients who were clinically diagnosed as acute tonsillitis or acute pharyngitis. Study was undertaken in a set up where most of the patients are from rural areas. Patients were analysed using Centor criteria and ASO (anti-streptolysin O where O stands for oxygen labile) titre for confirmation of streptococcal infection, and for negative results throat culture was done and antibiotics were prescribed accordingly and data was analysed by using chi square test for qualitative data with the help of statistical software SPSS v.25, and MS Excel. A p value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS Results showed that 26.05% patients needed antibiotics while the rest 74% did well without antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS Centor criteria can be used to determine as to which patients need antibiotics straight away and ASO titer can be a useful test for poor patients as it can help in determining who actually needs antibiotics thus eliminating the irrational use.
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