This study was conducted during two successive seasons of 2018 and 2019 on Balady Mandarin trees, 20 years old budded on sour orange rootstock and planted at 5×5m apart. Grown at the productive farm located at Shandawel Island, Sohag governorate. This experiment aimed to study the effect of active dry yeast, ascorbic acid, vitamin B complex and their combination on yield components, alternate bearing and fruit quality of Balady Mandarin cultivar grown under Sohage conditions. The obtained results showed that using of active dry yeast at 10g/l (as soil application) as single application or in combination with ascorbic acid and vitamin B complex at 1g/l from each (foliar application) caused a pronounced increasing of fruit numbers, fruit weight (g) and yield (kg). The later also improved fruit quality in terms of TSS%, TSS/acid ratio as well as total sugars, vitamin C content and reducing total acidity of Balady Mandarin fruits. According to results of the current study it could be concluded that using active dry yeast at 10g/l (as soil application) as single treatment or in combination with spraying ascorbic acid (1g/l) plus vitamin B complex (1g/l) three times on the first week of May, July and September led to improve both yield and fruit quality of Balady Mandarin Cultivar under Sohage environmental conditions.

Growing citrus fruit trees became more expensive over the last few years as a result of rising production costs. Thus, less environmentally harmful methods were employed in an effort to find a technique to lower these costs while obtaining a high yield and quality of fruits free from any chemical residues. This study was carried out during two consecutive seasons of 2020 and 2021 on 15 uniformed Balady Mandarin trees, 20 years old, budded on sour orange rootstock, and planted at a distance of 5×5 m in the productive farm at the Agricultural Research Center in Shandawel Island, Sohag Governorate. The experiment aims to study the influence of girdling and cincturing on the fruit setting and yield of Balady mandarin trees. The results showed that all girdling and cincturing treatments (girdling or cincturing the trunk or branches) had a positive effect on flowering, fruiting, leaves content of carbohydrates, yield, and some fruit quality properties (TSS and TSS/acid ratio), while they led to a decrease in the leaves content of nitrogen in Balady mandarin trees under the climatic conditions of Sohag Governorate. The study recommends the importance of girdling the branches and trunk of the Balady mandarin trees under Sohag conditions to enhance the yield and quality of the fruits.

Pollination is important process for date palm in terms of their influence on fruit development, quality and yield, as well as the organization's yearly tree bearing. The development of pollination technology, which results in a reasonable level of fruit set with the use of a small number of pollen grains, is necessary to improve the productivity of date palms, especially in arid conditions. This experiment was done on Sewy date palm for both progressive seasons 2020 and 2021 at Pomology department's farm, Assiut Governorate, Egypt. The influence of strand number on fruit Physico-chemical properties was tested. Seven levels of pollination were applied as 2, 4, 6,8,10 and 12 strands/ inflorescences.The results illustrated that the initial and final fruit set percentages, bunch weight and final crop/palm increased significantly by increasing pollination levels in both experimental seasons by treatment of 14 strands/inflorescence compared to the check treatment (8 strands/inflorescence), whereas; fruit, seed and pulp weight; TSS, acidity and sugars content decreased significantly by the same treatment (except for acidity in the 1 st season and non-reducing sugars in the 2 nd season).Hence, it could be concluded that pollination with 14 male strands should be possible to gain an inclusive yield and quality and increase the efficiency of the pollination process of Sewy date palms.

Heat stress has always been a major determinant of mandarin production in Upper Egypt. To reduce the negative effects of such climatic changes on the mandarin trees in Assiut, proline was used to make the trees able to withstand these changes. Herein, the experiments were executed throughout two successive seasons (2019/2020 and 2020/2021) at the experimental orchard of Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture, Egypt, on twelve uniform Balady mandarin trees in a complete randomized-block design (3 treatments x 4 replications). The main objective of this study was to enhance the fruit quality of the Balady mandarin cultivar by using different concentrations of L-proline (100 and 200 µg/ml) under Assiut conditions. Balady mandarin trees were exposed to L-proline five times through the fruit-growing period (every 30 days from June 1 st week to October 1 st week). The results demonstrated that five applications of 200 µg/ml Lproline foliar treatment might significantly boost Balady mandarin quality. Consequently, using this eco-friendly fertilizer under the climatic conditions of Assiut is recommended.

This field trial was carried out during three successive seasons 2018,2019 and 2020. On 12 years old of Balady orange trees. To evaluate the effect of intercropped orange trees by Pea, Pumpkin, Egyptian Clover plants on growth and productivity under Assiut conditions. The experiment was set up in a complete randomized block design. The results indicated that Pea intercropping significantly increased in physical properties in fruit such as weight, size, Juice volume and weight, carbohydrate and nitrogen percentage in leaves. followed by Pumpkin, then Clover, respectively. On the other hand, the highest values of soluble solids (T.S.S.) were obtained with the Pea, and Clover treatment, but acidity level decreased. Pumpkin covering treatment gave a slight increase in vitamin C. But highest values of the total crop were with the Pea treatment and covering with Pumpkin. According to the results the lowest amount of yield, fruit physical and chemicals was observed in control treated. These results showed that growing Balady orange trees with Pea intercropping and covering with Pumpkin is recommended over any other such as Egyptian clover, during three studied seasons.