Zoonotic concerns of cattle sarcocystosis are of importance, because humans are the final host for Sarcocystis hominis. Therefore the meat products containing beef may encompass sarcocysts which endanger food safety. In this study, we described the first report of molecular identification of S. hominis in Iranian traditional hamburgers using PCR-RFLP. Throughout a pilot research that was carried out to setup a molecular approach to identify the Sarcocystis spp., using PCR-RFLP, a sample of raw Iranian traditional hamburger was purchased from a street food seller located in Yazd, central Iran in May 2013. DNA extraction was done, by salting out method; briefly, the sample was lysed with NET buffer. The DNA purification and precipitation was then performed. Amplicon and digestion results were analyzed, using gel agarose electrophoresis. The results showed a PCR product with 926 bp in length after amplification and 376 and 550 bp in length after digestion. This product was identified as S. hominis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of S. hominis infection in Iranian hamburger.
Planning of sustainable tourism development actually concerns planning of the environment preservation, and it encompasses a variety of research and analysis before making a decision on determining the direction of any development. This concept involves balanced economic, social, and cultural developments without endangering the environment, which enables the development at the same or a higher level. On the other hand, the strengths, opportunities, aspirations, and results (SOAR) framework enhances strategic planning and implementation of processes by using a positive guiding approach to inquire into strengths, opportunities, aspirations, and measurable results. This study, with the aim of providing a suitable framework for sustainable tourism development, introduces the SOAR framework as a strategic model that is compatible with the different aspects of sustainable development including economic, social, cultural, and environmental aspects. Finally, as a new SOAR framework compatible with tourism studies, the model provides economic, social, cultural, and environmental points of view at each level that may be postulated in a SOAR framework (i.e. strengths, opportunities, apparitions, and results).
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