In common plant life has been recognized to alleviate various diseases. Spilanthes acmella- a vital native medicinal plant, is also found in sub continent of America. A range of abstracts and active metabolites from different parts of this plant is found to contain valuable pharmacological activities. Traditionally recognized as tooth ache plant, it is known to suppress the ailment allied with tooth aches and is found to stimulate saliva secretion. On Survey of literatures it has been projected that, it has numerous drug related actions, which comprises of antimicrobial, antipyretic, local anaesthetic, bioinsecticide against insects of agricultural importance, antioxidant, analgesic, antimicrobial, vasorelaxant, anti-human immune deficit virus, tooth ache relief and anti-inflammatory effects. Based on the traditional claims against a range of diseases, researchers have classified and estimated plants for their bioactive compounds. However researchers found it to be a difficult task for the extraction of bioactive constituents from these plants. Therefore the scientific information about Spilanthes acmella could be obtained from this current review.
Aim:
To investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of various solvents leaf extracts of Aegle marmelos, Plumbago
zeylanica and Rhinacanthus nasutus against human pathogenic organisms such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Salmonella enteriditis, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Aspergillus fumigatous by agar well
diffusion method.
Background:
Also, this is the first time report on MIC and MBC/MFC activities and identify the phytochemicals and functional groups using HPLC, GC-MS and FT-IR analysis.
Objective:
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal (MBC/MFC) values were also carried out by
the micro dilution method.
Methods:
Ethyl acetate extract of P. zeylanica showed better antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens, especially
for S. pneumoniae (40 mm) followed by ethyl acetate extract of R. nasutus (36 mm) against S. pneumoniae. While least inhibition was observed for aqueous extract of P.zeylanica against S. enteritis (10 mm).
Results:
The MIC ranged from 3.75 µg/ml to 60µg/ml and MBC/MFC 7.5 µg/ml to 60 µg/ml. Phytochemical analysis exhibited the presence of alkaloids, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, phenolics and cardiac glycoside in all
samples of selected plant extracts. Tannins, phenolics and glycoside were found only in the ethyl acetate extract of
P.zeylanica. HPLC and GC-MS analysis of ethyl acetate leaf extract of P. zeylanica exposed ten major peaks and eleven
compounds respectively. Chemical nature of the leaf extract was analysed by FT-IR spectrum.
Conclusion:
Ethyl acetate leaf extract of P. zeylanica showed better antimicrobial activity than other extracts as well as
standard drugs. Therefore, this plant could be studied in detail for the identification of active biomolecules for antimicrobial
agents.
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