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A commercially available glass substrate which incorporates both a fluorine‐doped tin oxide and compact TiO2 layer deposited through chemical vapor deposition that is commonly used in “solar control products,” is presented. The substrate, known commercially as Pilkington Eclipse Advantage, is designed for use as an infrared radiation control product and this is the first known instance of it being employed and extensively characterized for use as a mass manufactured n‐type contact in perovskite solar cells. Using this substrate with no additional compact TiO2 layer, perovskite solar cells with PCEs of up to 15.9% are achieved. These devices are superior in performance to those where the compact TiO2 is deposited via spray pyrolysis. The reproducibility and large scale manufacturing base already established with this substrate represents significant potential for solving the problem of upscaling a uniform and pinhole free n‐type compact TiO2 blocking layer.

A low-cost, high-yield technology for producing single-crystal silicon solar cells at high volumes, and suitable for export to developing countries, is described. Thc proccss begins with 100 mm diamctcr as-sawn single-crystal p-type wafers with one primary flat. Processing steps include ctching and surfacc texturization, gaseous-source diffusion, plasma etching, and contacting via screen printing. Thc necessary adaptations of such standard processes as diffusion and plasma ctching to solarcell production are detailed. Ncw process devclopmcnts include a high-throughput surface-tcxturization technique, and automatic printing and firing of cell contacts.The technology, coupled with automated cquipmcnt dcvclopcd spccitically for the purpose, results in solar cells with an average efficiency greater than 1276, a yield cxcecding 95%. a tight statistical spread on parameters, and a wide tolerance to starting substrates (including the first 100 mm diameter wafers made in Canada). It is shown that with minor modifications, the present single shift 500 kWp (kilowatt peak) per year capacity technology can be readily expanded to 1 MWp per year, adapted to square and polycrystalline substrates, and efficiencies increased above 13%.

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In this study, wear behavior of AA6082 matrix composite reinforced with titanium carbide particles (TiC) produced by friction stir processing was investigated. The main objective of this study is to compare the microstructure and wear behavior of Aluminium alloy 6082 with AA6082-TiC surface composites. FSP was carried out using a threaded pin tool with 1200 rpm tool rotational speed, whose processing speed of 60 mm/min and an axial load of 10 kN. The microstructure analysis exhibited that the fine grains and uniform distribution of TiC particles in friction stir processed AA6082 matrix with and without TiC particles, respectively. A pin on disc equipment was used to study the wear properties. It was observed that the wear resistance of the FSPed aluminium composites samples improved significantly as compared to that of the AA6082 matrix alloy. With this the effect of TiC particles on worn surface and wear debris is also reported in this study.