Various methods of hemp harvesting, technological operations and technical equipment of such a process developed by foreign and native fabricators are reviewed. The complex of Soviet-made hemp harvesting equipment is represented by old samples with exorbitant service life (about 30 years), low productivity (about 1 ha / hour) and involves significant manual labor costs. The experience of harvesting hemp crops with classic combine harvesters and General purpose machines is described. Foreign harvesting equipment is considered, which is represented by high-performance hemp harvesters and reapers. Its advantages (self-propelled, high performance) and disadvantages (significant cost of the complex from 30 to 50 million rubles, complexity of the design, unavailability for the majority of domestic farms). According to the research results, a scheme of an innovative universal hemp harvester for harvesting hemp in all directions of cultivation was proposed.
В последние годы в условиях Тамбовской области, благодаря широкомувнедрению инновационных технологий, значительно повысилась урожайность корнеплодов данной культуры. Схема посеваоснова технологии возделывания любой сельскохозяйственной культуры, от которой зависят урожайность и качество продукции, материальноденежные и энергетические затраты, густота посева, площадь питанияи конструктивные особенности применяемых машин. По мнению академика В.И. Эдельштейна, оптимальная схема посева способна обеспечить повышение урожайности сельскохозяйственных культур до 40%. Им было отмечено, что наиболее оптимальной схемой посева UDC 631.331.52:633.63 05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences) STUDYING A DISK SOWING DEVICE AND JUSTIFICATION OF ITS PARAMETERS
Artificial irradiation in protected ground structures is use for growing seedlings and for breeding purposes. Despite the increase in the cost of seedlings, additional lighting is effective, since it increases the yield by 20 … 30% and accelerates its production by 10 … 15 days [1]. Electrostimulation of plants of this development is carried out by intensifying plant growth by creating an optimal spectrum and regulating lighting depending on the actual natural illumination, automatic spectrum control for various plants, and irrigation system. The effectiveness of the development is to improve the useful properties of plants, reduce the cost of caring for them, which allows you to engage in a family business. The disadvantage of this installation is the need for high labor costs due to growing plants without taking into account the objective need for timely watering with foliar spray with a nutrient solution or timely feeding of the nutrient solution directly into the ground, depending on the soil moisture. In addition, the method does not provide for the cultivation of tomato seedlings in the presence of objective control of insufficient illumination in winter, requiring additional illumination for the required period of time with a certain duration for the effectiveness of the process.
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