The effects of chitosan on mycelial growth and spore germination of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were investigated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) containing 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% (w/v) chitosan dissolved in 0.5% acetic acid. Complete inhibition of mycelial growth and spore germination was observed in the medium containing only 0.5% acetic acid. Media containing chitosan were less inhibitory, but the highest concentrations of chitosan, at 1.5% and 2.0%, were more inhibitory than the lower concentrations (0.5% and 1.0%). Chitosan treatment (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) of mangoes {Mangifera indica) previously inoculated with C. gloeosporioides resulted in a lower rate of disease progression compared with the controls. Chitosan concentrations of 0.5% and 1.0% had stimulatory effects on chitinase and P-l,3-glucanase activities. Additionally, chitosan coatings in mangoes delayed ripening and reduced respiration rate, ethylene production, and the loss of weight, ascorbic acid, and total titratable acidity. However, the firmness of mangoes treated at concentrations above 1 % caused a perceptible decline in sensory quality.
This chapter reviews the distribution, importance and control of disease of durian (Durio zibethinus) together with characteristics and production of the fruit. Important diseases include the green alga Cephaleuros virescens, pink disease (Erythricium salmonicolor [Corticium salmonicolor]) and root rot and patch cankers caused by Phytophthora palmivora. Important causal agents of postharvest fruit rots include Glomerella cingulata, Phytophthora palmivora, Phomopsis durionis, Diplodia theobromae and Fusarium solani.
The effects of gamma irradiation and disease control treatments on disease severity and post harvest quality of several mango cultivars were investigated.In mangoes cv. Kensington Pride, irradiation doses ranging from 300-1200 Gy reduced disease, but the level of control was not commercially acceptable. Hot benomyl immediately followed by irradiation provided effective control of anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) and stem end rot (Dothiorella dominicana) during short-term storage (15 days at 20°C). The effects of the two treatments were additive.Satisfactory disease control was achieved during long term controlled atmosphere storage when mangoes were treated with hot benomyl followed by prochloraz and then irradiated. Effects of fungicide treatment and irradiation were additive.Fungicide, or irradiation treatments alone, were unsatisfactory.Irradiation of cv. Kensington Pride at doses in excess of 600 Gy caused unacceptable surface damage (i.e. lenticel spotting, surface discolouration and retardation of degreening) which was particularly severe after long-term controlled atmosphere storage.In a separate short-term storage trial, several other mango cultivars were assessed. Hot benomyl followed by prochloraz controlled anthracnose on all cultivars and stem end rot on some. Irradiation at 600 Gy contributed only minor improvements to disease control. The severity of surface damage that developed following irradiation and fungicide treatment varied with cultivars.
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