В оглядовій статті висвітлені проблеми моделювання церебральної ішемії в дрібних ссавців. Вказані переваги експериментальних досліджень, заснованих на схожості кровообігу головного мозку в людей і тварин. Описано будову і топографію судинної системи, гемодинамічні параметри, що є серйозною підставою використання даних моделювання цереброваскулярної патології в щурів із подальшою екстраполяцією на людину. Під час розвитку експериментальної неврології розроблена достатня кількість досвідчених моделей, в тому числі для дослідження гострих і хронічних судинних дисгемій, факторів ризику, механізмів розвитку цереброваскулярної патології, доклінічної апробації нових діагностичних і лікувальних методик. Дана класифікація експериментальних моделей для вивчення гострих і хронічних порушень мозкового кровообігу, механізмів їх розвитку і доклінічної апробації нових препаратів. Автори вказують на те, що всі експериментальні моделі ішемії головного мозку можна розподілити на дві групи: для вивчення факторів ризику та патофізіологічних досліджень ішемії головного мозку. А в другому випадку описані моделі вогнищевої і глобальної ішемії. При цьому другий пункт поділяється на два блоки моделей: фокальна ішемія (вогнищева, регіональна) за типом інсульту і глобальна ішемія за типом зупинки серця. На закінчення автори вказують на труднощі і недоліки деяких методів відтворення ішемії. Низька її відтворюваність обумовлена анатомічною відмінністю будови артеріального кола великого мозку з наявністю додаткової сполучної артерії і вираженим колатеральним кровотоком, можливі неточність відтворення ішемії при ряді фокальних моделей, складність хірургічного доступу до певних артерій відповідного басейну. Методики оклюзій декількох артерій агресивні, що відрізняється від реальних умов розвитку інсульту; спостерігаються травматизація, перфорація судини; також потрібне спеціальне складне обладнання.
Brain vascular pathology is one of the leading causes of mortality, the main cause of disability and life quality decrease throughout the world. Ukraine demonstrate a steady tendency to increase the prevalence and incidence of cerebrovascular pathology over the past 10—15 years, especially chronic progressive forms. Oxidative stress is one of the leading ischemic brain damage cause. To suppress it the main modern approaches in cerebrovascular pathology pharmacological treatment search are connected. The use of the antioxidant 2-ethyl- 6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate as a pathogenetically necessary agent in conditions of ischemic brain damage during bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries in rats in order to study the eff ectiveness of therapy is experimentally substantiated in the article. 4 groups of animals were used in experimental conditions. Rats motor activity in the "open fi eld" test, trembling and stiff ness, a "humpiness" symptom, muscular activity and neurological status were determined on the 2nd, 5th, 7th, 14th and 28th days of the experimental trials. Rats after reproducing ischemia of the brain showed hypokinesia, discoordination, muscle rigidity, severe neurological defi ciency. Mexicor administered in doses of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg contributed to a dose-dependent decreasing of the studied indexes. The eff ectiveness of using mexicor signifi cantly exceeded the results obtained in the group without treatment. A dose-dependent eff ect was recorded with a signifi cant diff erence with increasing dosage. Thus, behavioral, muscular, coordinative and neurological correlates of chronic cerebral ischemia induced by carotid arteries occlusion gone during 14—28 days in conditions of mexicor efficacy. The experimental results obtained are the background for a clinical examinations further series of patients with chronic cerebral ischemia using Mexicor as one of the components of ischemic brain damage complex pathogenetically based pharmacocorrection. Key words: experimental ischemia, 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate, pathogenetic treatment, ischemic brain damage pharmacocorrection
The aim: The aim of the study is the clinical-pathogenetic reasoning of vestibular dysfunctions (VD) development against the background of chronic brain ischemia in the presence of degenerative changes in the cervical spine (CS) in the post COVID period. Materials and methods: 82 patients, in the conditions of the clinical base of the Odessa National Medical University in 2019-2021 were examined. Group I with VD against the background of chronic brain ischemia (CBI) at the compensated phase; Group II with VD against the background of CBI at the subcom¬pensated phase (33 men; 49 women), aged from 18 to 55 years. The control group (CG) consisted of 20 patients of the corresponding gender and age. The condition of the state of the autonomic nervous system, vestibular functions, cervical spine, cerebral arteries and emotional condition were examined. Results: Vestibulo-ataxic disorders were higher compared to CG and increased along with the degree of brain damage. An important aspect of the development of VD is autonomic dysfunction against the background of pathological autonomic characteristics with predominant parasympathetic orientation of autonomic tone, especially in the case of insufficiency of autonomic recativity (AR) and pathological autonomic support of activity. Such changes significantly increased in the presence of subcompensation of CBI. The correlation between psychoemotional disorders and changes in autonomic characteristics with VD against the background of CBI with initial regularities depending on the degree of brain damage was defined. The progression of CBI is facilitated by coronavirus infection and manifested in autonomic and psychoemotional dysfunctions. A characteristic hemodynamic feature in groups with compensated and subcompensated CBI is the presence of reduced perfusion in basilar (BA) and vertebral (VA) arteries. Changes in cerebral vascular reactivity with a decrease in cerebrovascular reactivity indicators were characteristic of the subcompensated phase of CBI. Hyperactivity to rotational functional loads in both clinical groups has a high correlation with the presence of stair descent and, to a lesser extent, isolated instability in CS. Conclusions: 1. The occurrence of VD is facilitated by the presence of autonomic dysfunction and degenerative-dystrophic changes in the CS, especially in case of subcompensation of CBI. 2. Psychoemotional changes were a characteristic feature of patients with VD against the background of CBI and had certain regularities depending on the phase of CBI. 3. Suffered coronavirus infection contributes to the progression of VD and further decompensation of CBI due to direct damage to the autonomic and vascular systems of the brain. 4. Changes in cerebral hemodynamics in the form of reduced perfusion in BA and VA, a decrease in cerebrovascular reactivity, and an increase in reactivity to rotational functional load were determined in patients with VD against the background of subcompensated CBI.
Studies in 82 patients were aimed at optimizing the diagnosis and treatment of vestibular dysfunctions with vegetative-vascular disorders during degenerative changes in the cervical spine.The main symptoms of vestibulopathy were dizziness as well as their provoking and related causes. Obtained objective state data of the vestibular analyzer using the integrative index of ataxia, the state of autonomic characteristics, data of the psychoemotional and cognitive sphere. The author's method of treating such conditions using a complex of vegetotropic, vascular, nootropic drugs, as well as intranasal electrophoresis, was used.Positive results were obtained for this type of therapy for vestibulopathy and autonomic vascular disorders.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.