Statement of the Problem. The development of methods and means for measuring temperature and improving the accuracy of measurement, as well as the study of thermal processes of temperature distribution is a promising and urgent scientific task. Analysis of recent research and publications. The analysis of professional literature has shown that at present the problem of studying the temperature distribution in a particular field of activity has already been studied to some extent. However, the practical implementation of methods and means to improve the accuracy of temperature measurement is not sufficiently developed. The purpose of the article is to determine the fundamental factors by analyzing the theoretical and experimental material related to improving the accuracy of temperature measurement and the study of thermal processes during temperature measurements by non-contact method. Non-contact methods allow temperature measurement at a distance without direct contact with the object of measurement and are based on measuring the surface temperature of the object using infrared devices: pyrometers and thermal imagers. A pyrometer allows to measure the temperature of a local point of the measurement object, a thermal imager is used to visualize temperature fields. It is established that pyrometric measurement methods are based on determining the parameters of thermal radiation of the object without disturbing its temperature field. High accuracy of measurement results is achieved due to individual selection of filters and narrow spectral range. Conclusions. The analysis made it possible to note that the main factors that affect the accuracy of the measurement results by the pyrometer include the following: the change in the emissivity of the measurement object depending on the wavelength in the spectral range and on the temperature in the measurement range; the presence of radiation absorption in the medium between the pyrometer and the measurement object (the presence of a significant amount of dust, smoke or steam in the air in front of the sample reduces the accuracy of the measurement); geometric parameters of the field of view (visibility index) of the pyrometer Taking into account these factors in practice will increase the accuracy of the temperature measurement results by the pyrometer.
Inspection of armament and military equipment (AME) for the quality of manufacture and purpose tasks performance is carried out exclusively through testing. Tasks of conducting tests within the framework of ensuring the implementation of State programs for equipping the Armed Forces of Ukraine with modern armament and military equipment require proper instrumentation of the laboratory and test base of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, which is necessary to determine during tests numerical indicators of technical and operational characteristics in accordance with requirements of state standards parallel to standards of world’s major economies to evaluate new, upgraded armament, armament with service life extension and procured armament. During the study, general scientific methods of information processing and systematization were used, in particular system analysis and synthesis of organizational and technical systems. The purpose of the article is to improve the quality of testing of new and modernized pieces of AME by developing general requirements for a thermal pressure chamber. A study was conducted to substantiate the composition of the thermal pressure chamber, its main tasks, objects of action, capabilities, conditions of application, requirements for interaction with control systems or other objects with which the system is combined. Based on the analysis, the article proposes general requirements for a thermal pressure chamber, which will improve the quality of testing of new and upgraded pieces of AME; reduce material and technical expenditures and reduce the time of AME testing.
Державний науково-дослідний інститут випробувань і сертифікації озброєння та військової техніки Добришкін Ю.М. Державний науково-дослідний інститут випробувань і сертифікації озброєння та військової техніки Геращенко М.О. Державний науково-дослідний інститут випробувань і сертифікації озброєння та військової техніки Приходько С.М. Державний науково-дослідний інститут випробувань і сертифікації озброєння та військової техніки ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВПЛИВУ ТЕПЛОВИХ ПОТОКІВ НА ТЕМПЕРАТУРНИЙ СТАН У ЗОНІ РІЗАННЯ ПІД ЧАС ОБРОБКИ ОТВОРІВ КОМБІНОВАНИМ ОСЬОВИМ ІНСТРУМЕНТОМ Актуальність вивчення теплофізичних процесів механічної обробки зумовлена тим, що теплота, яка виділилась під час роботи різання, значною мірою визначає навантаження на різальний інструмент, його стійкість, а також якість і точність розмірів оброблюваних поверхонь. Тому дослідження робочих процесів у зоні різання під час обробки отворів і розроблення на цій основі практичних рекомендацій щодо підвищення точності обробки отворів з урахуванням особливостей тепловиділення в зоні різання є важливим науково-практичним завданням у галузі обробки різанням. Мета дослідження. Для вирішення проблеми підвищення точності обробки отворів осьовим інструментом необхідно провести комплексні дослідження робочих процесів у зоні різання за чистової обробки отворів із метою створення нових способів оброблення, які дадуть змогу забезпечити підвищення точності профілю отвору. Методи дослідження базуються на методах чисельного моделювання, сучасній теорії різання, теплофізики. Експериментальні дослідження виконувались із використанням теорії статистичної обробки даних і сучасної вимірювальної апаратури. Результати. Розроблено алгоритм і чисельну математичну теплову модель поширення температурних полів у поперечному та повздовжньому перерізах осесиметричної деталі під час обробки отворів двоступінчастим осьовим інструментом з урахуванням особливостей тепловиділення в зоні різання. Висновки. В результаті проведених досліджень було розроблено алгоритм і чисельну математичну модель поширення температурних полів у перерізі осесиметричної деталі під час обробки отворів двоступінчастим осьовим інструментом. Встановлено, що вплив тепловиділення на першому ступені на температуру в зоні різання другого ступеня має виражений нелінійний характер на початку і в кінці отвору, що може суттєво впливати на точність отворів. Розроблена модель поширення температурних полів у поперечному перерізі деталі під час обробки отворів двоступінчастим осьовим інструментом є основою для створення комплексної моделі розвитку теплових процесів, в якій необхідно врахувати поширення теплоти в інструменті та вторинний перерозподіл теплоти між інструментом і деталлю.
In order to assure the compatibility of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the armies of the NATO member states, amendments are being made to the national legislation of Ukraine to create a mechanism for the implementation of NATO standards or their provisions in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. To ensure regulatory support of the life cycle of armament and military equipment, measures are being taken to fully transition the military-industrial complex of Ukraine to use international, European and NATO standards in production. In 2021, national standards DSTU STANAG 4370: 2021 were adopted, harmonized with NATO standards, which regulate the organization and testing samples of armament and military equipment on environmental conditions impact. Since these standards are adopted in the original language, and in Ukraine there is no practice of distributing and using English-language normative documents, there is a problem of unambiguous interpretation of the content of these standards by all interested parties: product manufacturers, testing laboratories, scientific organizations etc. The purpose of the article is to analyze the main provisions of national standards regarding the conditions and methods for testing the impact of mechanical factors in order to implement them in the system of testing samples of armament and military equipment. In the course of research general scientific methods of processing and systematization of information, in particular, system analysis and synthesis of organizational and technical systems were applied. Due to the abolition of the set of state military standards, which established the level of quality indicators, composition, sequence, general requirements for testing equipment, instruments, devices for military purposes, an urgent need arose for regulatory support for the organization and testing of armament and military equipment. It was determined that one of the main directions of solving the problem of normative support for the organization and testing of armament and military equipment is the adoption of international military standards in the capacity of national ones. The main provisions of the standards that ensure the organization and conduct of tests of military equipment for mechanic factors impact were analyzed, the structure and content of these standards were considered.
Statement of the Problem. One of the main means of military equipment used in combat operations is armored vehicles and motor vehicles. In this regard, one of the urgent tasks of supporting and restoring the state's combat effectiveness is to equip the Armed Forces of Ukraine with new and upgraded armored vehicles and automobiles. The development and production of modern armored vehicles is closely linked to a full cycle of theoretical and practical research and laboratory and field testing. One of the stages of testing is laboratory testing of external mechanical and climatic factors. In order to increase the efficiency of laboratory tests of armored vehicles and automobile equipment, it is necessary to improve the methodological apparatus for evaluating the effects of external mechanical and climatic factors during laboratory tests at the testing ground. Analysis of recent research and publications. Analysis of research in the field of testing of armored vehicles and automobile equipment showed that currently unresolved is the issue of assessing the impact of external mechanical and climatic factors using modern laboratory-testing equipment. The purpose of this article is to analyze methodological apparatus for laboratory testing of armored vehicles and automotive equipment for external mechanical and climatic factors and to summarize the main provisions of regulatory documents on these tests. Comparison was made between military standards VST and interstate standards GOST B in order to identify the main types of tests and composition of laboratory test equipment. Identity of basic methods of testing for effect of external mechanical and climatic factors was determined, namely: vibration effect test, shock effect test, temperature effect test (increased, decreased), rain effect test. This made it possible to determine the required list of test equipment to equip the laboratory facilities at the test site, namely: climatic chamber, rain test rig, vibration test rig, impact test rig. Conclusions. The analysis of existing in Ukraine and leading countries of the world normative documents and methodical apparatus for testing armored vehicles and motor vehicles on the effect of external mechanical and climatic factors was carried out in the article. On the basis of the analysis, comparisons were made of the methods of testing of armored vehicles and motor vehicles against external mechanical and climatic factors, and the basic types of tests were determined. Practical implementation of the results obtained in the article is based on the possibility of their application in the development of programs and methods of laboratory testing of samples of armored vehicles and automotive equipment.
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