The world practice of creating and modernizing specimens of armament and military equipment envisages carrying out numerous tests, checks and evaluations of the current technical conditions throughout the life cycle. This leads to the need for improvement of the test system, the regulatory framework of which is a system of standards. Updating the standards that regulate preparation and testing of new and modernized specimens of armament and military equipment, based on best international and domestic experience, at the moment is actual and perspective development direction of the standardization system in the sphere of defence. The purpose of the article is to analyze the ways of implementing NATO standards and determine the feasibility of their application “by the method of confirmation” in the armament and military equipment testing system. During the research general scientific methods of processing and systematization of information, in particular system analysis and synthesis of organizational and technical systems, were applied. The current state of the system of standardization of armament and military equipment in Ukraine was analyzed. It was determined that at present the military standardization system in the Ministry of Defence and the Armed Forces of Ukraine practically corresponds to the standardization system of NATO. It was established that one of the main tasks of military standardization is the transition to European and NATO standards. Analysis of these normative documents has revealed that the main requirements are consistent through the identity of standards, as well as through the adoption of national standards by the “method of confirmation”. A comparative analysis of NATO standards STANAG 4370 and military standards ГОСТ В revealed the presence of significant differences in the classification of military equipment, the requirements for stability, sustainability and durability to the influence of external factors. It was noted that in Ukraine there is lack of practice of dissemination and use of the normative documents in English adopted by the “method of confirmation”; there is also a shortage of qualified specialists on standardization with a sufficient language competence, as well as lack of common research vocabulary in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, harmonized with national and international terminological systems. It was established that for the development of standardization system of armament and military equipment, in particular for conducting tests, it is recommended to use NATO standards as an information base, taking into account the domestic experience of the standardization system in developing requirements for reliability and stability to the influence of external factors. It was recommended to carry out the introduction of NATO standards by method of reissue (adaptation, translation) with the assistance of Ukrainian specialists on military standardization.
Statement of the Problem. The development of methods and means for measuring temperature and improving the accuracy of measurement, as well as the study of thermal processes of temperature distribution is a promising and urgent scientific task. Analysis of recent research and publications. The analysis of professional literature has shown that at present the problem of studying the temperature distribution in a particular field of activity has already been studied to some extent. However, the practical implementation of methods and means to improve the accuracy of temperature measurement is not sufficiently developed. The purpose of the article is to determine the fundamental factors by analyzing the theoretical and experimental material related to improving the accuracy of temperature measurement and the study of thermal processes during temperature measurements by non-contact method. Non-contact methods allow temperature measurement at a distance without direct contact with the object of measurement and are based on measuring the surface temperature of the object using infrared devices: pyrometers and thermal imagers. A pyrometer allows to measure the temperature of a local point of the measurement object, a thermal imager is used to visualize temperature fields. It is established that pyrometric measurement methods are based on determining the parameters of thermal radiation of the object without disturbing its temperature field. High accuracy of measurement results is achieved due to individual selection of filters and narrow spectral range. Conclusions. The analysis made it possible to note that the main factors that affect the accuracy of the measurement results by the pyrometer include the following: the change in the emissivity of the measurement object depending on the wavelength in the spectral range and on the temperature in the measurement range; the presence of radiation absorption in the medium between the pyrometer and the measurement object (the presence of a significant amount of dust, smoke or steam in the air in front of the sample reduces the accuracy of the measurement); geometric parameters of the field of view (visibility index) of the pyrometer Taking into account these factors in practice will increase the accuracy of the temperature measurement results by the pyrometer.
The world practice of creating and modernizing specimens of armament and military equipment envisages carrying out numerous tests, checks and evaluations of the current technical conditions throughout the life cycle. The task of organizing and carrying out of tests, in particular mechanical, electrical and climatic, at the State Scientific Research Institute of Armament and Military Equipment Testing and Certification is entrusted to the scientific research laboratory that is a part of the scientific and technical complex of measurements of the Institute. Currently, the laboratory is not fully equipped with modern testing equipment. Therefore, the task of justification of the ways of development and providing the laboratory with test equipment for conducting mechanical, electrical and climatic tests of armament and military equipment specimens is urgent. The purpose of the article is to determine the perspective ways of development of the laboratory-testing facilities of the State Scientific Research Institute of Armament and Military Equipment Testing and Certification taking into account the modern development of armament and military equipment specimens. During the research general scientific methods of processing and systematization of information, in particular system analysis and synthesis of organizational and technical systems were applied. The peculiarities of the organizing and conducting mechanical, electrical and climatic tests at the enterprises of the defense-industrial complex of Ukraine were analyzed. It was established that the basis of testing, in addition to legislative acts and technological normative documents, is the availability of a modern laboratory testing base, since without the means of measurement and testing it is impossible to ascertain the stability, sustainability and durability of armament and military equipment specimens to the influence of external factors. The proposals for the purchase of the test equipment for ensuring tests in the direction of mechanical, electrical and climatic tests of State Scientific Research Institute of Armament and Military Equipment Testing and Certification are given.
Розглядаються основні питання нормативно-технічного забезпечення проведення механічних, електричних та кліматичних випробувань зразків озброєння та військової техніки. Метою дослідження є питання застосування міжнародних нормативних та нормативно-технічних документів у процесі розроблення нових стандартів військового призначення під час проведення випробувань зразків ОВТ, порядку внесення змін до них, виявлення проблеми та можливі шляхи її вирішення. Визначено нагальну потребу в розробці проектів військових стандартів із врахуванням положень стандартів НАТО та військових стандартів провідних країн світу за напрямком проведення механічних, електричних і кліматичних випробувань.
Problem statement. Analysis of Ukrainian standards, harmonized with NATO standards, has shown that during tests of armaments and military equipment, including armored vehicles and motor vehicles, is due to need to conduct tests for the effects of climatic factors. One of the types of testing for climatic factors is the determination of resistance to increase temperature, decrease temperature and increase humidity. To reproduce these conditions, climatic chambers of corresponding dimensions or variable volume chambers are used. The advantage of a climatic chamber with variable volume is its flexibility, i.e. depending on the overall dimensions of the test object its working volume can be changed, which in turn significantly reduces energy consumption and the time to reach the working mode of the chamber. An important point when working out the general requirements for a climatic chamber of variable volume is to consider the requirements of international and national regulations in the field of defense. The most relevant are military standards that are harmonized with STANAG international military standards. As of today, the Armed Forces of Ukraine lack measuring and testing facilities to assess armored vehicles and automotive equipment against the above-mentioned climatic characteristics. Creation of a climatic chamber of variable volume based on the developed general requirements will make it possible to obtain quantitative values of the characteristics to be assessed during tests. The purpose of this article is to improve the efficiency of testing weapons and military equipment against external climatic factors by developing general requirements for a climatic chamber with variable volume. Conclusions. The paper proposes general requirements for a climatic chamber with variable volume, which were worked out taking into account the requirements of international and national normative documents in the field of defense. The general requirements define the composition of the chamber, its purpose, basic tasks, possibilities, conditions of application, metrological assurance. Practical implementation of the obtained results consists in the possibility of their application during the development of tender documentation for the purchase of the chamber, which will ensure an increase in the efficiency of laboratory tests of various types of weapons and military equipment on the effects of climatic factors.
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