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Doxorubicin (Dox) is commonly used to treat human malignancies, and the efficacy of Dox can be maximized by limiting toxicity when combined with nanoparticles. PST-Dox nanoparticles were prepared via conjugation of doxorubicin to galactoxyloglucan polysaccharide (PST001) isolated from Tamarindus indica (Ti), and by ionic gelation with tripolyphosphate (TPP). This formulation possessed superior therapeutic efficiency because of the small size and increased surface-tovolume ratio. The PST-Dox nanoparticles exhibited a pH-responsive Dox release in the acidic pH of 4.5, favoring as high as 90% Dox release in a sustainable manner. PST-Dox was characterized and evaluated for its in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects. Surprisingly, this nanoparticle formulation retained the cytotoxic effects of PST001 even at lower concentrations. In vitro studies confirmed the selective cytotoxicity of PST-Dox in cancer cells through the induction of apoptosis. In vivo toxicity studies demonstrated a lower LD50 for Dox and a higher LD50 for the PST-Dox. Evaluation of the biochemical, hematological and histopathological parameters in mice supported the safety and efficacy of this formulation compared to Dox. Biodistribution data substantiated the tumor-specific delivery of these particles. Although prospective studies are warranted, in a complex disease such as cancer, cell-selective and pH-sensitive nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery systems should be used as an effective choice over standard agents, such as doxorubicin.

Moringa oleifera is a medicinal plant with great therapeutic potential. The leaves of Moringa oleifera are used by Indians in herbal medicines to treat diabetes. The present study is aimed to determine the protective role of Moringa oleifera in cardiac tissues under diabetic conditions. Diabetic rats were treated orally with methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves at a dose of 300 mg/Kg body weight for 60 days. The effect of extract on serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, plasma insulin and the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), hydroperoxides (HP), conjugated dienes (D), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-reductase (GRD) and reduced glutathione content (GSH) were estiated. Metformin and atorvastatin were used as standard drugs. A significant increase in plasma insulin, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-reductase (GRD) and reduced glutathione content (GSH) and a significant decrease in serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), hydroperoxides (HP) and conjugated dienes (CD) were observed in the treated groups. This study evaluated the antioxidant potential of methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves. These findings suggest the protective role of Moringa oleifera against oxidative stress in the heart of diabetic rats.

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