The present study was conducted on the sternum of an eight year old, male Green-winged Macaw. The sternum was quadrilateral with dorsal concave and ventral convex surfaces and four borders. The dorsal surface presented numerous pneumatic foramina. The ventral surface furnished a large, boat shaped keel. The anterior extremity showed two facets for coracoid. The anterior and posterior borders were convex. The lateral border on either side presented six costal facets. Two distinct oval foramina were seen near the posterior border. Craniolateral processes were short and stump-like. Caudolateral processes fused with the median trabecula on either side. The rostrum was distinct. The morphological features of the sternum of Green-winged Macaw conformed to that of flying group of birds. It was almost similar to that of goose in its anterior half and to that of pigeon in its posterior half.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of diabetes and its complications has risen since the last decades, and it has been predicted that the prevalence of diabetes will be double in the coming year. Chronic hyperglycemia marked as elevated advanced glycation end products plays an important role in complications of diabetes. Basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum) originating from India and commonly found in Southeast Asia, is widely used empirically to decrease the blood sugar in diabetic patients. AIM: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of extract ethanol of Basil leaves in diabetic rats. METHODS: This is an experimental study; Streptozotocin was used to induce type 2 diabetic rats. Thirty Wistar male rats were divided into six groups (normal group, group treated with metformin 45 mg/kg body weight, group treated with Basil leaves 100 mg/kg body weight, 200 mg/kg body weight, 400 mg/kg body weight, control diabetic group). The blood glucose level was measured before induction and after treatment at week 1 and 4. Advanced glycation end products were measured in all groups at week 4. RESULTS: Extract ethanol of basil leaves 100, 200, 400 mg/body weight all showed significant lowering blood glucose level (p < 0.001) compared to diabetic group without treatment, but did not show superior to metformin group (p = 0.17), advanced glycation end products did not show statistical significance between group with normal rats and group of diabetic rats treated with basil leaves 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg (p = 0.12, p = 0.33, p = 0.26). CONCLUSION: Extract ethanol of basil leaves showed good results in lowering blood glucose and advanced glycation end products in diabetic rats.

The capital market is a source of fresh funds in the long and short-term. The existing of the institution is not only a source of funding but also as an investment facility. This study aims to measure the impact of macroeconomic conditions (BI Rate, Exchange Rate and World Oil Prices) and the international Sharia stock index (Dow Jones Islamic Market Index Japan and Dow Jones Islamic Market Index US) on the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index with using the error correction model (ECM). The results showed that BI rate and DJIM US have the significant effect (5%) on Indonesian Sharia Stock Index in the short, while the exchange rate and DJIM Japan are significant at the 10%, and the world oil price is not significant. In the long-term, BI Rate, exchange rate, DJIM US and DJIM Japan have a significant effect, while the world oil price has not a significant effect.

AIM:The study aimed to evaluate the effect of short-term diabetes self-management education (DSME) on Hba1and Fasting Blood Sugar in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending the Primary Health Care (PHC) in Binjai city of North Sumatera, Indonesia.SUBJECTS AND METHODS:A quasi-experimental (pretest-posttest) study was conducted in 4 PHCs, involving 80 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The patients in received a 3-months intervention, including an 8 week education on self- management of diabetes mellitus and subsequent 4 weeks of practice of the self- management guidelines.The patients received standard advice on diet management.RESULTS:There was a significant reduction in Hba1c levels. The statistical analysis using t-test found that there was a significant difference of Hba1c value between pre and post education among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (p < 0.005).CONCLUSIONS:Diabetes self-management education in PHC of Binjai city can reduce the Hba1c level in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

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