A theoretical model for predicting and interpreting blood-spatter patterns resulting from a gunshot wound is proposed. The physical process generating a backward spatter of blood is linked to the Rayleigh-Taylor instability of blood accelerated toward the surrounding air, allowing the determination of the initial distribution of drop sizes and velocities. Then the motion of many drops in air is considered with governing equations accounting for gravity and air drag. Based on these equations, a numerical solution is obtained. It predicts the atomization process, the trajectories of the back-spatter drops of blood from the wound to the ground, the impact angle, and the impact Weber number on the ground, as well as the distribution and location of bloodstains and their shape and sizes. A parametric study is undertaken to predict patterns of backward blood spatter under realistic conditions corresponding to the experiments conducted in the present work. The results of the model are compared to the experimental data on back spatter generated by a gunshot impacting a blood-impregnated sponge. A theoretical model for predicting and interpreting blood-spatter patterns resulting from a gunshot wound is proposed. The physical process generating a backward spatter of blood is linked to the Rayleigh-Taylor instability of blood accelerated toward the surrounding air, allowing the determination of the initial distribution of drop sizes and velocities. Then the motion of many drops in air is considered with governing equations accounting for gravity and air drag. Based on these equations, a numerical solution is obtained. It predicts the atomization process, the trajectories of the back-spatter drops of blood from the wound to the ground, the impact angle, and the impact Weber number on the ground, as well as the distribution and location of bloodstains and their shape and sizes. A parametric study is undertaken to predict patterns of backward blood spatter under realistic conditions corresponding to the experiments conducted in the present work. The results of the model are compared to the experimental data on back spatter generated by a gunshot impacting a blood-impregnated sponge.
O2 evolution potentials (ηox) and rate constants (k) are measured for the anodic oxidation of Mn(II) and 2‐thiophene carboxylic acid at Bi‐doped PbO2 in 1.0M HClO4 and XRD and TEM results are reported for the PbO2 electrodes doped with varying amounts of Bi.
307ChemInform Abstract The cyclic dioxycarbene complex (I), prepared from Re(CO)5Br, Br(CH2)2OH, ethylene oxide, and NaBr by modification of a known method, reacts with PPh3 (II) to give the fac-derivative (III) and on further reaction the disubstitution product (IV). The reaction of (I) with the diphosphines (V) yields the diphosphine-bridged complexes (VI). The structures of (I) (space group Pbca, Z = 8) and (VIb) (P1, Z=1) are established by X-ray analysis. The dimethyldithiocarbamate ion Me2N-CSS-reacts with (I) to remove in effect ethylene oxide from the carbene ligand, giving Re(CO)5Br and HO-(CH2)2-S-CS-NMe2.
Reaction of the title carbyne complex (I) with PEt3 gives the η2‐ketenyl derivative (II) which on methylation at the ketenyl O atom yields the unusual acetylene complex (III).
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