Aims: To undertake a systematic review of the literature reporting the prevalence of thrombophilia in children with a first arterial ischaemic stroke (AIS). Methods: Systematic review of case-control studies reporting data for prevalence of protein C, S, and antithrombin (AT) deficiencies, activated protein C resistance (APCr), total plasma homocysteine .95th centile, the thrombophilic mutations factor V1691 GA, prothrombin 20210GA, and MTHFR C677T in children with first, radiologically confirmed, AIS. Results: Of 1437 potentially relevant citations, 18 met inclusion criteria. A total of 3235 patients and 9019 controls had been studied. Results of meta-analyses were expressed as pooled odds ratios (OR) relating the prevalence of the thrombophilic condition in children with AIS to that in controls. The pooled OR (and 95% CI) were: protein C deficiency, 6.49 (2.96 to 14.27); protein S deficiency, 1.14 (0.34 to 3.80); AT deficiency, 1.02 (0.28 to 3.67); APCr, 1.34 (0.16 to 11.52); FV1691 GA, 1.22 (0.80 to 1.87); PT20210GA, 1.10 (0.51 to 2.34); MTHFR C677T, 1.70 (1.23 to 2.34); and total plasma homocysteine .95th centile, 1.36 (0.53 to 3.51). There was no statistical heterogeneity within these data. Conclusions: All factors examined were more common in children with first AIS than in controls, and significantly so for protein C deficiency and the MTHFR C677T mutation. The implications of thrombophilia for prognosis and recurrence need to be established before clinical recommendations can be made regarding investigation and treatment of children with AIS.
Low-temperature photolLminescence of epitaxial GaSb grown by M O ~P E from TMGa and TMSb on various sdbstrates is studied an0 compared witn exist ng results for GaSb grown oy otner techniques. The enecls of growth condit o n s are cons dereo It is touno that a growtn IemperatJre of 650 .C is too h gh, ana tne layers are of v e r y poor qdality. while below t h e opt mLm temperature of 600 ' C tne growth rate slows. a thoLgh t h e optica quality appears unaftected. lnvestigations into tne range of IIIV ratios over wh ch good qLal ty mater al cou d be grown indicated that I n s factor was more critica for GaSo than for GaAs; So-rich condit.ons proddceo samples w In poor radial ve etlic ency. whale samples grown under Ga-r ch conditions were covered on excess Ga orop ets. n addition. w e found that m common witn otner growth techniqdes, the concentrat on of t h e nat ve aefect n GaSb cou d be controlled dsing the l l l V ratio. and an excel e n t corre ation was found between electrical resu ts and features in tne pnoto um nescence Spectra For layers not lahlce-matcnea 10 t h e substrate. t h e spectrum IS red-sniheo W e surm se tnat th s is d u e to dilferenlia thermal contract on of t h e e p layer and substrate A homoepitaxial sample was chosen for aeta led stday ana lrom the depenaence 01 tho spectra on temperatLre and excitation ntensity. a previoLsiy ooserved bOdnd exciton was confirmed and an acceptor of 15 meV bind,ng energy was founo 107 107b 108 109 219 220 221 222 223 299 302 321 374 395 414 475t 477t 478t 479t 5187 1nAs
The recently proposed highly efficient route of pyridine-catalyzed CO2 reduction to methanol was explored on platinum electrodes at high CO2 pressure. At 55 bar (5.5 MPa) of CO2 , the bulk electrolysis in both potentiostatic and galvanostatic regimes resulted in methanol production with Faradaic yields of up to 10 % for the first 5-10 C cm(-2) of charge passed. For longer electrolysis, the methanol concentration failed to increase proportionally and was limited to sub-ppm levels irrespective of biasing conditions and pyridine concentration. This limitation cannot be removed by electrode reactivation and/or pre-electrolysis and appears to be an inherent feature of the reduction process. In agreement with bulk electrolysis findings, the CV analysis supported by simulation indicated that hydrogen evolution is still the dominant electrode reaction in pyridine-containing electrolyte solution, even with an excess CO2 concentration in the solution. No prominent contribution from either a direct or coupled CO2 reduction was found. The results obtained suggest that the reduction of CO2 to methanol is a transient process that is largely decoupled from the electrode charge transfer.
Nitrogen incorporation in InAsN epilayers grown by radio-frequency plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy was investigated as a function of growth conditions. Reduced growth rate, growth temperature, and arsenic flux significantly enhance the nitrogen incorporation. Optimal growth conditions allowed us to obtain high quality InAsN with nitrogen composition of up to 2.5%. The epilayers exhibit intense 4K photoluminescence (PL) with double-peak features, which were attributed to free carrier recombination and localized carrier recombination. Strong room temperature PL emission up to a wavelength of 4.5μm is obtained.
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