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We study the graph isomorphism game that arises in quantum information theory from the perspective of bigalois extensions of compact quantum groups. We show that every algebraic quantum isomorphism between a pair of (quantum) graphs X and Y arises as a quotient of a certain measured bigalois extension for the quantum automorphism groups G X and G Y of the graphs X and Y . In particular, this implies that the quantum groups G X and G Y are monoidally equivalent. We also establish a converse to this result, which says that every compact quantum group G monoidally equivalent to G X is of the form G Y for a suitably chosen quantum graph Y that is quantum isomorphic to X. As an application of these results, we deduce that the * -algebraic, C * -algebraic, and quantum commuting (qc) notions of a quantum isomorphism between classical graphs X and Y all coincide. Using the notion of equivalence for non-local games, we deduce the same result for other synchronous non-local games, including the synBCS game and certain related graph homomorphism games. Universiteit Leuven, mateusz.wasilewski@kuleuven.be 2. Conversely, for any compact quantum group G monoidally equivalent to G X , one can construct from this monoidal equivalence a quantum graph Y , an isomorphism of quantum groups G ∼ = G Y , and an algebraic quantum isomorphism X ∼ = A * Y .Recasting all of the above in the context of the (classical) graph isomorphism game, our results show that the condition A(Iso(X, Y )) = 0 is sufficient to ensure the existence of perfect quantum strategies for this game (Corollary 4.8 and Theorem 4.9):Theorem Two classical graphs X and Y are algebraically quantum isomorphic if and only if the graph isomorphism game has a perfect quantum-commuting (qc)-strategy.We mention that a weaker version of the above theorem (that assumed the existence of a non-zero C * -algebra representation of A(Iso(X, Y ))) was recently proved in [18].

There have been exponential gains in immuno-oncology in recent times through the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Already approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for advanced melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer, immune checkpoint inhibitors also appear to have significant antitumor activity in multiple other tumor types. An exciting component of immunotherapy is the durability of antitumor responses observed, with some patients achieving disease control for many years. Nevertheless, not all patients benefit, and efforts should thus now focus on improving the efficacy of immunotherapy through the use of combination approaches and predictive biomarkers of response and resistance. There are multiple potential rational combinations using an immunotherapy backbone, including existing treatments such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy or molecularly targeted agents, as well as other immunotherapeutics. The aim of such antitumor strategies will be to raise the tail on the survival curve by increasing the number of long term survivors, while managing any additive or synergistic toxicities that may arise with immunotherapy combinations. Rational trial designs based on a clear understanding of tumor biology and drug pharmacology remain paramount. This article reviews the biology underpinning immuno-oncology, discusses existing and novel immunotherapeutic combinations currently in development, the challenges of predictive biomarkers of response and resistance and the impact of immuno-oncology on early phase clinical trial design.

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A hydroxide oscillation model has been proposed to account for the observed "nanolaminated" structure in electrodeposited Zn and Zn-Co alloys produced under potentiostatic control. At a critical cathode potential the Zn deposition proceeds in a cyclically changing environment arising from the regular formation and decay of a zinc hydroxide layer near the cathode surface, which produces Zn-ZnO laminations in the deposits. Co was found to enrich at the Zn-ZnO interface. Such a model is supported by evidence obtained from electrochemical measurements and transmission electron microscopy observations, and this has given some insight into the anomalous behavior of Zn-Co deposition. lnfroduction In the electrodeposition of Zn-Co alloys from an acid sulfate solution, anomalous deposition' occurs in which the less noble metal Zn is deposited preferentially. A model proposed by Dahms et al.2 suggested that the deposition proceeded with the intermediate formation of a metal hydroxide located in the vicinity of the electrode and this inhibited the deposition of more noble metal.Higashi et al.4 have measured the pH in close approximation to the cathode while anomalous codeposition of ZnCo was taking place. It was shown that an abrupt rise in pH to values in the range 5.0 to 5.5 occurred, which would permit zinc hydroxide precipitation. These findings promoted the development of the "hydroxide suppression mechanism"24 for the anomalous deposition of Zn-iron group metal alloys which include Zn-Co.Observations by the authors6'7 using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have shown that Zn and Zn-Co alloy deposits produced under galvanostatic conditions on a steel substrate contain a series of nanolaminations.These exist in a regular pattern with 50 nm thick Zn crystals surrounded by a ZnO layer which is 3 to 4 am thick. In the alloy the Co was found to be preferentially accommodated at the Zn-ZnO boundary. Here, the authors have carried out a polarization study on the Zn and Zn-Co plating solutions with polycrystalline steel and zinc singlecrystal cathode substrates. Zn and Zn-Co deposits have then been produced under potentiostatic control and examined by TEM and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Particular attention has been given to the onset of anomalous deposition. The information gained has been used to set up a new model to account for anomalous deposition of zinc and its alloys. ExperimentalPlating solutions.-Zn and Zn-Co coatings were electrodeposited from an acidic sulfate solution on to either a mild steel substrate or on to a (0001) faced single-crystal zinc substrate. The substrates were disk shaped, 1 cm2 surface area, which had been polished with 1 m diamond compound. Prior to plating they were given an ultrasonic clean. Table I lists the compositions of the solutions employed.Cathodic polarization study.-Polarization studies were carried out in a standard three-electrode cell. The cathode was immersed in 1 liter of aerated solution and Luggin capillary [in contact with an external saturated calomel electrode...

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