Hydatid disease is a worldwide zoonosis endemic in many countries. Liver echinococcosis accounts for 60–75% of cases and may be responsible for a wide spectrum of complications in about one third of patients. Some of these complications are potentially life-threatening and require prompt diagnosis and urgent intervention. In this article, we present our experience with common and uncommon complications of hepatic hydatid cysts which include rupture, bacterial superinfection, and mass effect-related complications. Specifically, the aim of this review is to provide key imaging features and diagnostic clues to guide the imaging diagnosis using a multimodality imaging approach, including ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR), and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

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Corrosion behavior and cytotoxicity was reported for mixed brushite (BS)/hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings deposited on 316LSS substrate through a displacement reaction. Corrosion tests, carried out in a simulated body fluid, showed that in comparison with bare 316L, coating shifts E corr to anodic values and reduces i corr even if oscillations were observed, which were explained in terms of the chemical interactions at the solid/liquid interface. Cell biocompatibility of the coating was investigated through osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1, evidencing the absence of any cytotoxicity Taken together, the results show that galvanic deposition is a simple and cost-effective method for producing bioactive coatings which enhance corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of the substrate.

In this work, double-structured polymeric scaffolds were produced, and a double flow bioreactor was designed and set up in order to create a novel system to carry out advanced in vitro drug delivery tests. The scaffolds, consisting of a cylindrical porous matrix, are able to host cells, thus mimicking a three-dimensional tumor mass: moreover, a "pseudo-vascular" structure was embedded into the matrix, with the aim of allowing a flow circulation. The structure that emulates a blood vessel is a porous tubular-shaped scaffold prepared by Diffusion Induced Phase Separation (DIPS), with an internal lumen of 2 mm and a wall thickness of 200 micrometers. The as-prepared vessel was incorporated into a three-dimensional matrix, prepared by Thermally Induced Phase Separation (TIPS), characterized by a high porosity (about 95%) and pore size adequate to accommodate tumor cells and/or mesenchymal cells. The morphology of the multifunctional scaffolds is easy-tunable in terms of pore size, porosity and thickness and therefore adaptable to various cell or tissue types. At the same time, a double flow bioreactor was designed and built up, in order to be able to carry out biological tests on the scaffold under dynamic conditions. The device allows a separate control of the two flows (one for the tubular scaffold, one for the porous matrix) through the scaffolds. Preliminary characterizations and tests carried out suggest the presented system as a candidate to suitably "in vitro" assess the effects of different drugs on various cell populations.

Background & Aims The risk of progression of indeterminate observations to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after direct‐acting antivirals (DAA) is still undetermined. To assess whether DAA therapy changes the risk of progression of observations with low (LR‐2), intermediate (LR‐3) and high (LR‐4) probability for HCC in cirrhotic patients and to identify predictors of progression. Methods This retrospective study included cirrhotic patients treated with DAA who achieved sustained virological response between 2015 and 2019. A total of 68 patients had pre‐DAA indeterminate observations and at least six months CT/MRI follow‐up before and after DAA. Two radiologists reviewed CT/MRI studies to categorize observations according to the LI‐RADSv2018 and assess the evolution on subsequent follow‐ups. Predictors of evolutions were evaluated by using the Cox proportional hazard model, Kaplan‐Meier method and log‐rank test. Results A total of 109 untreated observations were evaluated, including 31 (28.4%) LR‐2, 67 (61.5%) LR‐3 and 11 (10.1%) LR‐4. During a median follow‐up of 41 months, 17.4% and 13.3% of observations evolved to LR‐5 or LR‐M and LR‐5, before and after DAA respectively (P = .428). There was no difference in rate of progression of neither LR‐2 (P = 1.000), LR‐3 (P = .833) or LR‐4 (P = .505). At multivariate analysis, only initial LI‐RADS category was an independent predictor of progression to LR‐5 or LR‐M for all observations (hazard ratio 6.75, P < .001), and of progression to LR‐5 after DAA (hazard ratio 4.34, P = .047). Conclusions DAA therapy does not increase progression of indeterminate observations to malignant categories. The initial LI‐RADS category is an independent predictor of observations upgrade.

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This report highlights the importance for neonatologists/pediatricians of considering Marcus Gunn jaw‐winking syndrome among differential diagnoses of ptosis. A detailed clinical assessment is crucial to promptly recognize and appropriately manage it.