Galvanic deposition and characterization of brushite/hydroxyapatite coatings on 316L stainless steel

Mechanical behaviour of brushite and hydroxyapatite coatings electrodeposited on newly developed FeMnSiPd alloys

“…In fact, the increase of pH due to the formation of OHions in the vicinity of the cathode induced by high cathode current densities (i.e. 2, 3, 10 mA/cm 2 ) has been extensively reported [16,17].…”

“…The development of ceramic coatings such as hydroxyapatite (HAp) or other various forms of calcium phosphates (CaP) on titanium and its alloys [12][13][14][15], stainless steel [16,17] and Mg-based alloys [18][19][20] has been documented to increase their biocompatibiliby [21][22]. This is possible since the bone can form direct chemical bonding to the bioactive CaP, without the occurrence of fibrous interface layers after implantation, which render poor mechanical stability between the implant and the bone.…”

“…The methods used so far to deposit HAp onto metallic alloys include: plasma spraying [24], sputtering [25], pulsed laser-deposition [26], sol-gel [27], and electrochemical deposition [12][13][14][15][16][17]. Among them, electrodeposition turns out to be a suitable technique to grow uniform coatings with tuneable thickness and chemical composition on complex shaped structures at low temperature and relatively low processing costs.…”

“…However, it has been reported that direct current electrodeposition usually results in loosely attached deposits to the substrate. To overcome this issue, pulsed electrodeposition has been established as a suitable alternative to grow well-adhered, high-quality HAp coatings [16][17][18].…”

Hydroxyapatite-Based Coating on Biomedical Implant

“…The electrochemical deposition of HAp on metal substrates used common strategies to diminish their debasement; unfortunately, it contains abandon of it onto the coating surface [68]. Hydroxide (OH−) particles are created at the substrate (cathode) surface with the electric current crossed the electrodes as they immersed in an electrolyte during electrochemical deposition process [69]. The condition occurs due to the electrochemical response efect that is typically signiicant as the system insigniicantly response towards the water, in which leads to important in the arrangement of a lot of hydrogen gas [27,70].…”