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Combining ability estimation is an important genetic attribute for maize breeders in anticipating improvement in productivity via hybridization and selection. This research was carried out to investigate the genetic structure of the 27 F1 maize hybrids established from nine lines derived from Maize Research Department and three testers, to determine general combining ability (GCA), determine crosses showing specific combining ability (SCA) and superiority percentages for crosses. Nine lines, three testers, 27 F1 hybrids and two check commercial hybrids (SC162 and SC168) were studied in randomized complete block Design (RCBD) with three replications during 2016. The results of mean squares showed that significant and highly significant for most studied traits (days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, plant and ear height, ear position, ear length, no. of kernels per row, 100-kernel weight and Grain yield). Estimates of variance due to GCA and SCA and their ratio revealed predominantly non-additive gene effects for all studied traits. Lines with the best GCA effects were: P2 (line 11) and P6 (line 21) for grain yield, for testers Gm174 and Gm1021 had significant GCA effects for grain yield. The hybrids P5×Gm1021, P6×Gm1021, P7×Gm1021, P8×Gm1002, P9×Gm1002 had significant and negative SCA effects for grain yield. Crosses P1×Gm174, P2×Gm1002, P5×Gm1021, P6×Gm174, P6×Gm1021, P7×Gm1021, P8×Gm1002, P9×Gm1021 were the best combinations manifested and significant superiority percentages over than check varieties (SC162 and SC168) for most studied traits. Therefore, these hybrids may be preferred for hybrid crop development. Abbreviations: GCA general combining ability; SCA specific combining ability

A complete diallel cross among six new yellow maize inbred lines , i.e. 10RF , 11RF , 39RF, 45RF , 48RF and 50RF (Developed Improvement of Maize by Industrial Genotype Project) was made in 2010 summer season .Parental inbred lines and F1 crosses along with two yellow commercial check hybrids, SC155 and SC162 were evaluated in randomized complete block design with four replications at Gemmeiza in two different dates ; 15 April and 15 may 2011 summer season to study the combining ability in order to identify the most superior parental inbred lines that produce superior hybrids and develop high yielding new yellow single crosses. Results indicated that general combining ability (GCA) were highly significant for plant and ear heights , specific combining ability(SCA) were highly significant for grain yield (ardab / feddan) and a significant for days to 50 % silking .The non-additive genetic effects were more important and played the major role for all traits inheritance of. Generally most of F1 single crosses were earlier , shorter and had lower ear placement than two checks hybrids ; SC162 and SC155. All the F1 crosses were resistance to late wilt disease. All the F1 crosses out yielded significantly better than the check SC162 , except four crosses. Single crosses (P4×P1) was significantly better than the best check SC155 for grain yield ,shorter for plant height and earlier in days to 50%silking , however there were seven single crosses, i.e. (P5×P4), (P4×P2), (P1×P4) , (P1×P5), (P2×P3), (P6×P1) and (P2×P6)which statistically equal the check cross 155 and significantly earliness, shortens and lower placement ear; in addition those crosses yielded better than the best check hybrid insignificantly P1 (10 RF) was good combiner for resistance to late wilt disease and grain yield(ard/fed). However P4 (45 RF) was good combiner towards shortness, low ear placement and late wilt disease resistance. For (SCA) effects of the 15 F1 crosses had positive and highly significant effects. However for maternal effect or reciprocal (SCA) effects were found that single crosses i.e, (P5 × P4), (P3 × P6), (P4 × P2),(P5× P3),(P1 × P3) and (P6 × P1) yielded highly significant for grain yield of 32.7 , 31.83 , 32.52 , 30.93 , 30.42 and 31.28 (ard/fed) relative to its reciprocal parents , respectively. Therefore , these crosses may be released as new high yielding single crosses.

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The consumption of non-potable water is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in the world [1]. 88% of diarrhea cases worldwide are attributed to unsafe drinking water; inadequate sanitation or inadequate is responsible for 1.5 million of deaths every year, mostly in children [1] [2]. Household waste. Leachate can be considered among the potential sectors that can contribute to the degradation of water quality and soil. To this end, we selected physicochemical inorganic elements like indicator of pollution in the neighboring groundwater discharge of the water table in the region of Ouled Berjal to assess the quality of the region's water wells in M'nasra. The wells in full discharge have a very high pollution levels and water collected from wells located right near the discharge of Ouled Berjal shows lower levels of contamination. So the well water away from the landfill is quite low compared to the other groups.