The Bacterial Load of Hospital Discharges (Sidi Kacem, Morocco)

Sadek, S.E.; Harkati, Fatima Benel; Elkharrim, Khadija; Jeddi, Farhad; Moufouad, I. Rhiate; Elmarkhi, Mina; Khadmaoui, Abderrazzak; Mouden, S.; Dakir, Z.; Belghytı, Driss

doi:10.4236/aim.2013.37068

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Our results are different from those of Iké et al [24], who reported that apart from temperature, all values are above Nigerian regulatory standards for wastewater discharge to 11. This is consistent with WHO [25] standards between 6.5 and 8.5 and the results obtained in several studies [20,21,26,28]. Electrical conductivity, salinity and total dissolved solids are indicators of mineral pollution in wastewater.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The bacteriological and chemical characterization of the effluents revealed the presence of micropollutants such as antibiotic residues but also a variety of bacterial species. These results are close to works in the literature that reported that liquid discharges from the hospital environment are highly loaded with chemical pollutants and pathogens and thus constitute a threat to the environment and health [20][21][22][23][24]. The physicochemical characterization of the effluents revealed that the values were in accordance with the standards for discharge to the environment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…[25] lower limit of 2000 μS/cm. Values higher than ours have been reported [20,26]. Since water with an electrical conductivity between 600 and 1000 μS/cm is considered highly mineralized [14], the analyzed effluents in this study are highly mineralized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

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Hospital effluents as sources of antibiotics residues, resistant bacteria and heavy metals in Benin

Déguénon

Dougnon

Houssou³

et al. 2022

SN Appl. Sci.

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This study aims to evaluate the bacteriological, chemical, and toxicological quality of hospital effluents in Benin. Eighteen (18) samples were collected from the south and north of Benin, and poles were set up. Bacteriological analysis was carried out according to the French National Organization for Standardization (AFNOR) standard. Identification of the bacterial species isolated was performed using the API 20E gallery and specific biochemical tests. Antibiotic residues were searched by following ELISA kit instructions. 109 bacterial isolates were obtained, with a predominance of non-enterobacteria (37.7%) and Acinetobacter spp. (24.6%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (11.48%); S. aureus and Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were isolated at the same frequency (6.5%). Physico-chemical and toxicological parameter analyses showed that they were in conformity with the standards of discharge into the environment. The pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, total solids below, P-redox and suspended solids measured were, on average, 6.83, 27.21 °C, 693.68 µS/cm, 693.68 mg/l, 1.68 mV and 0.15 mg/l, respectively. For heavy metals, cadmium was most prevalent (0.22 mg/l), followed by nickel (0.18 mg/l) and lead (0.03 mg/l). The average antibiotic residue concentrations ranged from 0.043 to 7.65 µg/l. Ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and sulfamethoxazole had the highest residue concentrations of 7.65 ± 2.272 µg/l, 6.61 ± 0.051 µg/l and 3.88 ± 3.088 µg/l, respectively. The heavy metal concentrations obtained were below those required by Benin standards. These effluents therefore present health and environmental risks. It is then more than necessary to develop treatment methods for them before their rejection into the natural environment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

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Hospital effluents as sources of antibiotics residues, resistant bacteria and heavy metals in Benin

Déguénon

Dougnon

Houssou³

et al. 2022

SN Appl. Sci.

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“…Moghanloo et al, (40) also detected Salmonella and Shigella species in stools of patients with diarrhea in Kashan City, Iran.The high faecal coliform count observed in laboratory and laundry wastewater samples agrees with the findings of Chukwu et al,(41) who detected high total faecal coliform count (TFCC) of 2.9×10 3 and 2.4×10 2 CFU/ml respectively from laboratory and laundry wastewater samples collected from Abia State University Teaching hospital, Aba, Nigeria. Our observation is also in agreement with Sadek et al,(42) who detected significant levels of faecal coliforms in hospital discharges, thus laboratory wastewaters is comparable to the findings of Schriewer et al,(4) who observed significant correlation between intestinal enterococci from diarrheagenic faecal samples and Salmonella spp in laboratory wastewater samples. In contrast, a study conducted byHatha et al,…”

supporting

confidence: 93%

Correlation between faecal indicator bacteria in diarrheagenic stools and hospital wastewaters: Implication on public health

Olalemi¹,

Oladejo²,

Bayode³

2021

Af J Clin Exp Micro

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Background: Hospital wastewaters contain blends of inorganic, natural constituents and contaminants that carry significant health risk when released directly into the environment. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between faecal indicator bacteria in diarrheagenic stools and wastewaters generated in University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital complex, Akure, Nigeria.Methodology: Quantification of faecal indicator bacteria was carried out on diarrheagenic faecal samples collected from 55 hospitalized patients and 68 wastewater samples from the medical laboratory science and laundry units of the hospital over of period of 12 weeks. Standard membrane filtration technique was performed using membrane intestinal enterococcus (m-ENT), membrane faecal coliform (m-FC), membrane lauryl sulphate (MLSA), eosin methylene blue (EMB) and Salmonella-Shigella (SS) agar plates, which were incubated at 37ºC for 24 hours (MLSA, EMB and SSA), 44ºC for 24 hours (m-FC); and 37ºC for 48 hours (m-ENT). Bacterial colonies on agar plates were counted and expressed as colony forming units (CFU) per 100ml of diarrheagenic stool and wastewater. Pearson’scorrelation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the level of faecal indicator bacteria in diarrheagenic stools and wastewaters at p<0.05 level of significance (and 95% confidence interval).Results: The faecal coliform counts (log 10 CFU/100ml) ranged from 1.18 to 1.54 in diarrheagenic stools, 1.32 to1.64 in laboratory wastewater and 1.08 to 2.19 in laundry wastewater. Escherichia coli count (log 10 CFU/100ml) ranged from 1.08 to 1.40 in diarrheagenic stools, 1.20 to 1.86 in laboratory wastewater and 0.30 to 1.81 in laundry wastewater. Intestinal enterococci count (log 10 CFU/100ml) ranged from 0 to 0.30 in diarrheagenic stools, 0.78 to 0.90 in laboratory wastewaters and 0.48 to 1.11 in laundry wastewaters. Pearson’s correlation co-efficient showed that all the faecal indicator bacteria count in diarrheagenic faecal samples exhibited positive correlation with those in laboratory wastewaters, but not with those from laundry wastewaters.Conclusion: The findings suggest that diarrheagenic stools should be properly disinfected after the performance of laboratory tests to prevent transmission of potential pathogens, and wastewater generated from hospitals should be treated prior to discharge into the environment, to prevent possible infections in the community. Keywords: Correlation, faecal indicator bacteria, public health, transmission, wastewater

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“…The strong bacterial contamination of wells could be due to: protection of wells (open pit) use of animal waste as fertilizer for farmland surrounding the wells. In addition, the wells in our study area Severely polluted in indicators of fecal contamination, in agreement with those vate hole [9] for the groundwater of Marrakech and For the groundwater of Sidi Kacem [10]. Surface water loaded with microorganisms infiltrating the soil Sand, reach the water table without having benefited from effective filtration, and cause a multitude of pollutions mentioned The water of a water table is all the more vulnerable as the Ground is close to the surface of the ground, that the ground overlying the aquifer is Permeable and that surface sources of pollution are important.…”

Section: Bacteriological Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

Impact of Environmental Pollution on the Frequency of Seizures in Children with Sickle Cell Disease (CH Kenitra Morocco)

Samira¹,

Omar²,

Khorassani³

et al. 2017

AiM

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The sickle cell disease sickle cell anemia called Expired aussi is a genetic disease Caused by abnormal hemoglobin. The pediatric ward of the provincial hospital kenitra recorded a workforce of 164 children with sickle cell disease over a period of twenty four months (June 2010-June 2012). On average seven to eight (7 to 8) children are born per year with this disease. The majority of these children are admitted to the pediatric ward and have an increased susceptibility to infections. To identify socio-economic and environmental factors in the care of children and their families. The study group consists of 60 children aged 7 -14 years. Clinical and analytical information is obtained from records and doctors during consultations of these patients. The results show that 64% of these children are from rural areas against 30% of children of urban origin, while 6% live in suburban areas, however 68% of these children use septic false. In parallel they consume well water. Clinical examination and white blood cell count revealed a prevalence of 76% for fever cases reviews some of qui-have ticemia September, 43% for leukocytosis. Moreover, we noted that diarrhea is very common in this sample. Parenting was made bacteriological examinations of well water consumed by these children. In conclusion, the present study showed a significant combination entre les frequency of sickle cell crises infectious presented by the children studied and the environmental quality of life and family in the child qui develops.

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The Bacterial Load of Hospital Discharges (Sidi Kacem, Morocco)

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Hospital effluents as sources of antibiotics residues, resistant bacteria and heavy metals in Benin

Hospital effluents as sources of antibiotics residues, resistant bacteria and heavy metals in Benin

Correlation between faecal indicator bacteria in diarrheagenic stools and hospital wastewaters: Implication on public health

Impact of Environmental Pollution on the Frequency of Seizures in Children with Sickle Cell Disease (CH Kenitra Morocco)

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