The production of pedigree seeds is not only an important but also a cost-effective means of increasing the yield and efficiency of agriculture. The genetic potential of varieties can be unlocked only by choosing those adaptive to the soil and climatic conditions in a particular region, using modern tools for plant protection, and applying balanced mineral nutrition. These are the most important factors determining the performance. In the course of breeding and genetic work, the Federal Scientific Center of Legumes and Groat Crops (FSC LGC) has created new soybean varieties, whose high biological and economic potentials are combined with resistance to stress factors. Despite the close relationship between productivity and growing season duration, the highly productive and early-ripening (100–115 days) soybean varieties raised at FSC LGC can yield 2.5 to 3.5 t/ha, the grain having high contents of protein (37–42 %) and fat (18–22 %), depending on the climatic conditions in a particular year of cultivation. They are less temperature-sensitive than other domestic or foreign varieties. It is important that our soybean varieties are not genetically modified. New pea varieties created at FSC LGC in 2015–2020 differ in growing season duration and morphological features. They are adaptable to the soil and climatic conditions of a region, which ensures the maximum realization of their potential. The main factor in increasing yields and stabilizing the production of buckwheat and millet grain in the Russian Federation is the creation and adaption of new earlyripening and high-yielding varieties of the determinate type adapted to the specific natural and climatic conditions of different regions of Russia.
Reducing the pesticide load on natural and agroecosystems in the production of agricultural products in crop production is the most pressing problem of the XXI century. Use of disease-resistant varieties of agricultural crops, which makes it possible to completely exclude the use of some of the pesticides required in the technological cycle, is an ecologically and economically significant factor in modern production. Particularly important in the cultivation of disease-resistant varieties is to reduce the probability of the pathogen developing new virulent properties that overcome this resistance of the variety with a long-term existence in production. These conditions are met by multilinear varieties that are heterogeneous in nature. As an object of analysis, we took the Quartet, multilinear in terms of smut resistance, common millet variety, which has been in production since 2001. The variety, with more than 20 years of cultivation in Russia, neighboring countries, as well as Germany and Switzerland, has shown not only excellent yielding qualities, but also actual resistance to local populations of the pathogen. The authors analyzed the difference from the original composition of the component composition of the variety after many years of production, when reseeding with its own seeds, in the conditions of one farm. On the farm, the obligatory method of treating millet seeds against smut was excluded from the cultivation technology.
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