Safflower is a traditional oilseed crop in the world. Its seed oil is a healthy edible oil containing high amount of unsaturated fatty acids. Genetically diverse exotic cultivars are valuable germplasm for introducing new diversity in safflower improvement programmes. In this study, we characterized safflower cultivars of India (30) and Mexico (23) comprising varieties, hybrids and advanced lines developed over 50 years for genetic distinctiveness using 38 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Genetic diversity estimates across cultivar groups (total, India and Mexico) were as follows: mean number of alleles (3.2, 3.1, 2.6), expected heterozygosity (0.42, 0.37, 0.37) and polymorphism information content (0.36, 0.33, 0.32) respectively, which suggested narrow SSR allelic diversity within and between cultivar groups. However, distance-based cluster analysis (neighbour-joining tree) and model-based STRUCTURE analysis revealed that safflower cultivars of India and Mexico, with the exception of a few, form two genetically distinct groups. High level of genetic variation explained between the populations (40%) and Fst estimate (0.4) suggested that the cultivar groups were highly differentiated with limited gene flow supporting a strong genetic structuring. High oil (~38%) and high oleic (73–79%) contents of a subset of Mexican safflower varieties and advanced lines were confirmed in field trials in India. These exotic sources from Mexico are valuable for safflower breeding programmes in India to develop new cultivars with high oil yielding potential and high oleic acid content, which is the current market demand.
A field experiment with two replications was conducted at the All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on oilseeds Safflower at Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidhypeeth (VNMKV) Parbhani, Maharashtra (India) for the screeing of different safflower germplasm/advanced material /parental lines against major disease Alternaria leaf blight.The experiment was conducted with four checks in the year Rabi 2016. Significant differences in resistance to the disease was found in the germplasm/advanced material /parental linestested. Among the 16 lines,12 lines registered tolerant,2 lines registered susceptible and 2 lines showed highly susceptible reaction aganist Alternaria leaf spot. This study concludes that screening of safflower germplasm/advanced material /parental lines for resistance/tolerance to the disease Alternaria leaf spot is an prime important step in developing varieties/ hybrids.
SUMMARY :Seeds play vital role for the healthy production of crop and they are known to carry pathogens which cause poor seed health. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) occupies prominent place in the agricultural wealth and economy of the country. Safflower being rich source of proteins and edible oil has focused attention of farmers. Studies on seed mycoflora have greatly increased in the recent past in view of their importance as diseases carriers, deteriorating agents and also as toxin produces. In vitro efficacy of various seed dresser fungicides (systemic and non systemic) on the seed mycoflora improving per cent seed germination, seedling vigour, per cent seedling mortality and per cent infection. It was observed that maximum seed infection with A. carthami was recorded in treatment Thiram+ Carbendazim (10.50%) and minimum seed infection with M. phaseolina Thiram + Mancozeb (0.00%), respectively. Effect of nine seed dresser fungicides on the per cent seedling vigour during the studies it was observed that fungicides improving the per cent seedling vigour and reducing per cent seedling mortality by rolled towel paper method. Maximum per cent of seedling vigour observed in Thirum + Mancozeb (16%) and minimum per cent of seedling vigour observed in treatment Thiram+ Carbendazim (13%). In per cent seedling mortality the there was no mortality observed in 24 and 48 hrs. The lowest per cent seedling mortality was observed in seed treatment Thirum + Mancozeb (5.5%) and maximum per cent in the Thirum + Carbendazim (10.9%) at 72 hrs.How to cite this article : Gholve, V.M., Ghuge, S.B., Pawar, S.V. and Barde, P.T. (2017). In vitro efficacy of various seed dresser on seed mycoflora of safflower.
Among the diseases of safflower; dry root rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi.) Goid is one of the most destructive and wide spread disease of Safflower (Carthamous tinctorius L.) causing accountable losses of about 25-60 per cent. Eleven Botanicals evaluated in vitro were found fungistatic/antifungal against M. phaseolina. Amongs these A. sativum followed by A. cepa and V. negundo caused significantly highest mean mycelial inhibition 83.57, 72.09 and 65.85 per cent respectively. Total eight organic amendments tested in pot culture, out of which Neem seed cake, cotton seed cake and Groundnut cake (each @ 50 gm/kg soil) recorded average mortality reduction of 74.30, 67.22 and 57.57 per cent respectively in safflower cv. Bhima.
SUMMARYThe present investigation on path analysis studies for quantitative traits in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) was undertaken at experimental farm of AICRP on Safflower, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, Maharashtra. The experimental material consisted of Thirty four sesame germplasm lines including one check evaluated during Kharif , 2016 in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The observations were recorded on 12 characters viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, capsule length, capsule breadth, number of seeds per capsule, 1000 seed weight, days to maturity, oil content, seed yield per plant and per ha. The path co-efficient analysis revealed that, days to 50% flowering (G-2.9535) exerted the highest positive direct effect on seed yield per hectare followed by number of seeds per capsule (G-0.4577), seed yield per plant (G-0.3793), number of primary branches per plant (G-0.3587) and number of capsules per plant (G-0.0175).
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