A rare presentation of primary plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) of the adrenal gland, as lymphomatous meningitis in a patient living with HIV.
Background: Intraoperative evaluation of an ovarian mass is of crucial importance in its further management, accomplished by frozen section (FS) and scrape smear (SS) examination. Aim: To evaluate utility of SS over FS and to study scrape cytological features of a variety of ovarian neoplasms. Materials and Methods: The study comprised ovarian tumors studied over a period of 1 year (2014–2015) that were submitted for intraoperative assessment. SS and FS were examined and evaluated independently. The results were compared with final pathological diagnosis in each case, and cases with discordant diagnoses were reviewed. All the SSs of ovarian tumors were re-evaluated with Giemsa-stained smears, and cytological features were described. Results: The results of SS and FS were 100% concordant. On histopathology, of 81 cases, 43 were epithelial [(categorized further as serous, mucinous, or malignant mixed Mullerian tumor (MMMT)] along with subcategorization of benign, borderline, and malignant), 16 were germ cell (categorized as teratoma: mature/immature and yolk sac tumor), 11 were sex cord stromal tumors (fibroma, granulosa cell tumor, Sertoli–Leydig cell tumor), 8 cases were hemorrhagic cysts (torsion, endometroid, corpus luteal cyst, etc.), and 3 were metastasis. There were 61 benign, 2 borderline, and 18 malignant cases on FS and scrape. Combining all the values, sensitivity and specificity were 76% and 98.21%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing malignant lesions was 91%. Conclusion: Adequate knowledge on cytohistological correlation of ovarian scrape cytology may phase out the use of cryostat in intraoperative diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms, and thus be a boon for resource-deprived settings.
Empyema thoracis is a purulent pleural effusion, common complication in children. 1 with the advent of antimicrobial drugs the incidence of empyema has been drastically reduced. In developing countries like India, even though the incidence of empyema has reduced drastically, it continues to be a major problem despite the availability of new and more potent antimicrobial drugs and improved surgical techniques.
BACKGROUND Prostate is an associated gland of the male reproductive system. Worldwide, among the men, prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer. PC is the seventh commonest cancers among the Indian male. Studies reported that diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast enhanced imaging (DCE-MRI), can offer additional value in localizing cancer. A study was conducted to evaluate and correlate the role of DWI in detection and staging of PC and correlation with histopathology. METHODS A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, GSL Medical College, over a period of 18 months. Males with symptoms of nocturia, urinary urgency, frequency, hesitancy and bone pain were included in the study. Trans rectal ultrasound scan (TRUS) biopsy was collected, Gleason‘s score (GS) was considered for the histopathologic analysis. The evaluation of DWI as a tool for detection of PC was based on comparing the sensitivity and specificity of the results after taking histopathology as the gold standard test chi-square test was used to find the statistical significance and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Total, 36 (82 %) were diagnosed to be malignant, maximum number (18; 50 %) were between 61 – 70 years age group. Peripheral zone is the most common (61.2 %; 22) area for the PC followed by transitional (33.3 %) and central zone (5.5 %). In this study, 16.6 % members had GS ≤6; Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was ranged between 0.81 to 0.87 and mean + SD were 0.85 + 0.02. Out of the 22.2 % members whose GS was 7, the mean + SD ADC were 0.74 ± 0.02. For 22 (61 %) members, GS was >8; the mean + SD ADC was 0.63 ± 0.08; statistically there was significant difference between the parameters. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed that 61.3 % (27) cases as highly suspicious, 25 % (11) as probably malignant and 13.6 % (6) as indeterminate; the sensitivity for MRI was 94.5 % and specificity was 85.7 %. CONCLUSIONS Patients with increased prostate specific antigen (PSA), multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MPMRI) is valuable, non-invasive and a better option to detect PC. Also helps in localizing the exact location. KEYWORDS Cancer, Tumour, Biopsy, Study
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